| The small hive beetle is an omnivorous insect that feeds on honey,pollen,honey bee eggs and honey bee larvae,as well as fruits such as cantaloupe,bananas and cherries.The hive beetles completely parasitize in the bee colony anomaly.This paper took the small hive beetle as the research object,studied the ovarian development dynamics of the female hive beetle and the effect of different foods on the reproductive capacity of the hive beetle for the first time,and constructed a transcriptome sequencing library of the hive beetle ovaries.The research findings are as follows.(1)The study investigated the developmental dynamics of the ovaries of female hive beetles,finding that the hive beetle has one pair of ovaries with an overall fusiform ovary.Each ovary consisted of an average of 35 ovarian tubes,which were composed of four zones: the terminal filament,the nutritive zone,the yolk zone and the pedicel.The adult hive beetles are classified into five levels of development according to the number,colour and maturity of the eggs in the ovarian tubes and the morphological changes in the fat body: the white transparent stage(level I),the yolk deposition stage(level II),the maturation stage(level III),the peak spawning stage(level IV)and the end of spawning(level V).(2)The hive beetles were fed four types of food: pupae,bee food(homemade),bananas and honey.The research suggested that the hive beetles fed on pupae produced significantly more eggs than the other two groups,but the larval survival rate was not high.While the hive beetles fed on bee bread had the highest survival rate.Moreover,bananas are not conducive to egg production and the larvae of the hive beetles fed on honey did not successfully pupate.(3)Feeding on different foods did not affect ovarian structure and developmental processes in female hive beetles,but it did affect the number of unilateral ovarian tubes.Hive beetles feeding on pupae had the most number of unilateral ovarian tubes,followed by those feeding on bee bread.Besides,hive beetles feeding on bananas had the lowest number of unilateral ovarian tubes.(4)The transcriptome was sequenced on female ovary tissues of 0.5d,1d,2d and 3d small hive beetle.The results showed that a total of 168.15 Gb of Clean Data was obtained,with 8.01 Gb of Clean Data for each sample.By comparing the sequencing libraries of the four developmental tissue samples,there were 3088 differentially expressed genes in SHB 0 vs SHB 1 and 3088 differentially expressed genes in SHB 0 vs SHB 2.GO functional classification analysis revealed that some of the DEGs were annotated to GO entries in Human Diseases,Metabolism,and Organismal Systems.KEGG pathway analysis manifested that a portion of DEG was enriched in systemic functions such as protein digestion and absorption,pancreatic and calcium signalling pathways.Eighty-seven DEGs were identified in SHB 1p,up-regulating 85 genes and down-regulating 2 genes compared to the unmated group.While at later stages of development(SHB 2p and SHB 3p),there were almost no differential gene changes,suggesting a non-significant mating effect.By and large,after systematically investigating the the ovarian development of hive beetles at different ages,the paper clarifies the ovarian development dynamics of small beetles and the effects of nutrition on the growth and development of small beetles and ovarian development,specifies the beneficial effect of fresh pupae on the growth and ovarian development of small beehive beetles.Besides,a transcriptome sequencing library of hive beetle ovaries was also constructed.These results have great significance for further understanding the ovarian development of the honeycomb beetle and the development of green integrated control technologies for the honeycomb beetle in the local ecological environment. |
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