| Strawberry is a perennial fruit of Rosaceae,which is rich in nutrition and unique in taste.In recent years,the planting area in China has been increasing,and it is an important cash crop.China is rich in strawberry germplasm resources.Wild strawberries have strong antioxidant substances,and their extracts are also used in the medical field,which is a high-quality medicinal resource.Moreover,the ploidy of wild strawberries is complex and diverse,with rich natural variation and diverse genetic background.Therefore,it is of great significance to study and develop wild strawberry germplasm resources,provide high-quality materials for improving the quality and varieties of cultivated varieties,and select cultivated strawberries with disease resistance and stress resistance.At present,the utilization of wild strawberry germplasm resources is not sufficient.In this paper,27 botanical characters of 87 wild strawberry resources collected in the field and accumulated in the early stage of the research group were systematically evaluated and analyzed,and the disease resistance and stress resistance of these materials were evaluated to screen out wild strawberry materials with good characters,high disease resistance and high stress resistance.The main results are as follows:1.This survey was mainly conducted in Shennongjia,Hubei Province,and the investigation time is the full bloom of local wild strawberries.The wild strawberry germplasm resources in this survey are evenly distributed at the altitude of 1099.7 m-1785.7 m.16 species of 2 species of Fragaria were found and collected,F.nilgerrensis and F.chinensis.The general distribution of wild strawberries in western Hubei was investigated.2.The phenotypic diversity among wild strawberry resources is rich,and 14 descriptive traits and 11 numerical traits have different degrees of polymorphism.The diversity index of numerical traits ranged from 1.57 to 2.24,and the number of compound leaves varied the most.The average genetic diversity index H’ of descriptive traits reached 1.06.The 25 traits of wild strawberry were analyzed and tested by bivariate correlation.The results showed that plant height and petiole length had a very significant positive correlation,which was the highest correlation coefficient;in the principal component analysis,it was found that F.nilgerrensis.On the other hand,the average number of compound leaves of F.nilgerrensis is significantly higher than that of other species.3.87 wild strawberry germplasm resources were inoculated with 1x106 diluted anthracnose solution and red leaf fungus solution,respectively,and cultured in a constant temperature incubator for 5 days.by comparing the diameter of inoculated leaf spots,6 materials with strong resistance to anthracnose and red leaf disease were selected from these materials.They are F.viridis HBYCM022,F.virginiana HBYCM008 and HBYCM020,F.moschata HBYCM014,F.nilgerrensis HBYCM036 and HBYCM091.4.Using the natural high temperature weather in the summer of 2022,the temperature in the greenhouse exceeded 40℃ for 5 consecutive days.By counting the proportion of leaf wilting to the total number of leaves,the high temperature resistance of 87 wild materials was evaluated.One high temperature resistant material was selected.Based on the natural conditions of low temperature in winter in 2022,the temperature in the greenhouse was lower than 10 ℃ for 7 consecutive days.By investigating the proportion of leaf wilting to the total number of leaves,the dormancy of 62 wild strawberry resources in winter was evaluated.6 materials insensitive to low temperature environment in Hubei plain in winter were selected.The above studies show that the wild strawberry germplasm resources in Hubei are extensive and the phenotypic variation is rich.The materials with strong disease resistance and stress resistance were selected,which provided alternative materials for improving the quality,disease resistance and stress resistance of cultivated strawberries. |
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