The Impact Of Trampling On The Lurang Meadow In Linzhi Under The Background Of Tourism

China is rich in grassland resources,and many scenic spots take ecological grassland as the development object.With the development of tourism,natural scenic spots have increasingly become the preferred place for people.Although they have promoted local economic development,the increase in the flow of people has brought about increasingly prominent ecological and environmental problems.In this study,the racetrack in Lulang Town was taken as the research object.Firstly,the non-interfered area on the side of the racetrack was selected as the simulated stampede plot.The composition and structure of the aboveground plant communities in the interference group and the control group were investigated and analyzed by the simulated stampede experiment.Secondly,soil samples were taken from the representative trampling paths in the racetrack,including mild trampling,moderate trampling,severe trampling and control plots.The effects of different trampling degrees on soil physical and chemical properties and the correlation between them were compared and studied,and reasonable suggestions were provided for protecting the meadow ecological environment of the racetrack.The main results are as follows :(1)Through the investigation of the aboveground vegetation in the simulated trampling experiment,it was found that the trampling had an effect on the meadow plant community.With the increase of the trampling degree,the number of plant species showed a downward trend,some species gradually disappeared,and the plant height,coverage and abundance decreased significantly.The analysis results of meadow plant community diversity showed that Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Simpson dominance decreased with the increase of trampling degree,while Patrick richness index and Pielou evenness index increased under appropriate trampling.(2)Different trampling degrees affect soil physical and chemical properties.Soil water content decreased with the increase of trampling intensity,and increased with the increase of soil depth.Soil bulk density increased with the increase of trampling intensity,and decreased with the increase of soil depth.Soil porosity decreased with the increase of trampling intensity and increased with the increase of soil depth.With the increase of trampling degree,soil p H,electrical conductivity,available nitrogen and available potassium content increased,but decreased with the increase of soil depth.Soil organic matter and organic carbon decreased with the increase of trampling degree,and decreased with the increase of soil depth.The content of soil available phosphorus increased first and then decreased with the increase of trampling degree and soil depth.(3)Through Pearson correlation analysis,there was a significant correlation between soil physical and chemical properties and plant community characteristics.Soil bulk density,porosity,organic matter and organic carbon were significantly positively correlated with diversity index and dominance index.Soil bulk density and p H were significantly negatively correlated with organic matter,organic carbon and available nitrogen.The correlation between soil available phosphorus,richness index,evenness index and other indicators did not reach a significant level.Through RDA redundancy analysis,Simpson dominance index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index were positively correlated with soil organic matter,organic carbon and porosity.Patrick richness index was positively correlated with soil porosity,organic carbon,organic matter and available phosphorus.Pielou evenness index was positively correlated with available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,conductivity,p H,bulk density and water content.In summary,different trampling intensities will destroy the structure,composition and interspecific relationship of plant communities.The increase of trampling intensity will lead to the disappearance of species with low tolerance,while species with strong tolerance will appear in different trampling areas,resulting in the decrease of plant richness index and diversity index,which reduces the stability of the community.Different trampling intensities have different effects on soil physical and chemical properties,reducing soil quality,increasing soil available nutrients to a certain extent,but causing surface exposure and sparse plants.The correlation between soil environmental factors and plant communities was significantly affected by trampling disturbance.Therefore,the trampling has a certain impact on the meadow ecological environment.In order to maintain the sustainable development of the meadow ecosystem,scientific management measures such as repairing the damaged area and rationally planning the scope of activities should be taken.