Investigation On Public Knowledge And Attitude Towards First Aid For Cardiac Arrest And Analysis Of Its Influencing Factors

Objective:Cardiac arrest has become a public health problem of global concern because of its rapid onset,narrow treatment time window,poor prognosis rate and low survival.When sudden cardiac arrest occurs outside the hospital,it is difficult for emergency medical services to arrive at the scene within the "golden 4minutes".The public is the people who are most likely to witness cardiac arrest and start cardiopulmonary resuscitation at the first time.Their emergency level of cardiac arrest is directly related to the survival rate and prognosis of patients with cardiac arrest.Foreign studies have shown that the cardiopulmonary resuscitation rate and training rate of bystanders can be as high as 80-90%.Domestic survey shows that the cardiopulmonary resuscitation rate and training rate of residents’ bystanders are lower than those in foreign developed countries.As a populous province,Henan Province is still lack of public investigation on the knowledge of first aid for cardiac arrest.Based on the role played by the public in the first aid of cardiac arrest,this study investigated the public’s knowledge and attitude towards first aid of cardiac arrest in Henan Province,understood the public’s relevant first aid training needs,analyzed the public’s first aid ability for patients with cardiac arrest and its influencing factors,and provided the basis for targeted first aid training of cardiac arrest.Methods:This study conducted a cross-sectional survey of the public in Henan Province in the form of questionnaire stars from January 2022 to February 2022.The questionnaire was designed and revised by the combination of literature review and expert consultation.The first aid questionnaire consists of three parts: the first aid knowledge of cardiac arrest and the first aid attitude of cardiac arrest.The sociodemographic characteristics include the gender,age,education level and occupation of the respondents.The first aid knowledge of cardiac arrest(9 questions in total)includes three parts: basic knowledge of first aid of cardiac arrest(2 questions),first aid operation knowledge of cardiac arrest(5questions)and relevant knowledge of automatic external defibrillator(AED)(2 questions).The attitude and training needs of cardiac arrest first aid include: whether there is training experience,whether there are patients with heart disease at home,whether they have witnessed cardiac arrest,willingness to implement first aid and desired training methods.General description,Chi square test,rank sum test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used for statistical description and analysis.Results:A total of 474 questionnaires were collected,10 invalid questionnaires were excluded,and 464 valid questionnaires were finally recovered,with a recovery efficiency of 97.89%.Among all the respondents,173(37.3%)were male,aged from 12 to 85 years,with a median age of 30(22,47).In terms of education level,160(34.5%)people have a high school degree or below,248(53.4%)people have a university degree and 56(12.1%)people have a graduate degree.In terms of occupational distribution,there are 166(35.8%)students,158(34.0%)employees in enterprises and institutions,and 140(30.2%)self-employed and retirees.In terms of basic knowledge of first aid for cardiac arrest,137(29.5%)respondents could correctly select "home" as the most common place of cardiac arrest,and 283(61.0%)could correctly identify the occurrence of cardiac arrest.80(17.2%)answered all the basic knowledge of first aid for cardiac arrest(2questions)correctly.In terms of emergency operation knowledge of cardiac arrest,337(72.6%)respondents can correctly choose the most needed measure in case of cardiac arrest is to call parallel chest compression.191(41.2%),180(38.8%)and 112(24.1%)respondents could correctly choose the position,frequency and depth of chest external compression.Among the 464 respondents,96(20.7%)basically mastered the first aid knowledge of cardiac arrest(≥ 5 questions answered correctly),of which the proportion of students,catering and commercial respondents who basically mastered the knowledge was the lowest,13.9% and 14.3% respectively.The results of logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that excluding the influence of other sociodemographic factors,the staff of enterprises and institutions had the best basic knowledge of first aid for cardiac arrest(OR=2.987,95%CI : 1.511-5.903).In terms of AED related knowledge,284(61.2%)respondents had heard of AED,and only 70(15.1%)respondents had seen AED in public places.66(14.2%)respondents had heard of and seen AED in public places.Among the 80(17.2%)respondents who had participated in the first aid training for cardiac arrest,23(28.8%)had basic knowledge of first aid for cardiac arrest.39(48.8%),41(51.3%)and 21(26.3%)could correctly answer the position,frequency and depth of chest compressions.The proportion of respondents who had participated in training was more than those who had not participated in training(72.5% vs.58.9%,P < 0.05).118(25.4%)respondents had heart disease patients at home,of which 30(25.4%)had basic knowledge of first aid for cardiac arrest.Among the 80(17.2%)respondents who had witnessed cardiac arrest,19(23.8%)respondents basically mastered the first aid knowledge of cardiac arrest.When encountering patients with cardiac arrest,140(30.2%)respondents would choose to rescue,and247(53.2%)chose not to implement first aid.221 respondents(47.6%)were worried about the imperfect operation of first aid skills.345(74.4%)respondents chose the first aid training course organized by the hospital or community for the first aid training of cardiac arrest.Conclusion:(1)In this study,only 20% of the public have mastered the basic knowledge of first aid for sudden cardiac arrest,among which the students and catering and commercial personnel have the worst knowledge.(2)The public with training experience still need to improve the first aid ability of implementing cardiac arrest.Lack of confidence is the main obstacle that affects the implementation of first aid by the public.(3)The public knows only 14.2% about AED and its configuration location.It is necessary to strengthen AED training and publicity to promote the popularization and use of AED.(4)On site first aid training organized by professionals is the most expected training method of the public.