Study On The Construction Of Successful Aging Intervention Program For The Elderly In Communities In Jinan City

ObjectivesBased on the health promotion model,this study explores the current situation and influencing factors of successful aging of the elderly in Jinan community,explores their problems and needs for achieving successful aging through qualitative interviews,and constructs a successful aging intervention plan for the elderly in the community,with a view to providing a theoretical basis and reference basis for nursing intervention methods to achieve successful aging.Methods1.Questionnaire method:The present situation and influencing factors of 281 elderly people in 8 communities in Jinan were investigated by using the general information questionnaire,the simple mental state scale,the daily activity scale,the resilience scale,the social support rating scale,and the Chinese version of the successful aging scale.SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical description and inference of data,including descriptive statistics,independent sample t-test,ANOVA,Pearson correlation analysis,and multiple linear regression.2.Qualitative research:Using the phenomenological approach,13 elderly people in the community were selected for semi-structured interviews by using the purposive sampling method,and Colaizzi’s seven-step analysis was used to further explore the problems and needs of the elderly in the community,these provide a reference basis for the design of intervention programs.3.Expert inquiry method:Based on previous questionnaire survey and qualitative interviews,the first draft of a successful aging intervention plan for the elderly in the community was developed,and the first draft was revised by Delphi expert inquiry method,and the final draft of the intervention plan for the successful aging of the elderly in the community was finally formed.Results1.The successful aging score of 281 elderly people in the community was(52.47 ±9.66);The results of single factor analysis showed that there were significant differences in living style,drinking,sleep status,vision,self-rated health status,and participation in social activities among successful elderly people(P<0.05);The results of multiple linear regression showed that living style,number of social activities,psychological resilience,cognitive function,and utilization of support had a predictive effect on the scores of successful aging of elderly people in the community,and the fit degree of the regression model was 55.8%.2.According to the results of interviews,the qualitative themes of successful aging can be summarized into seven aspects,namely,activities of daily living,cognitive function,mental health,disease prevention,health promotion,family support,and social support.3.Based on the results of the previous questionnaire and qualitative interviews,a successful intervention plan for the elderly in the community was initially constructed,and then after two rounds of expert correspondence,a successful intervention plan for the elderly in the community was finally constructed,including expected goals,health education,physical and cognitive functions,mental health,social support and social security five first-level indicators,13 second-level indicators,and 31 three-level indicators.Conclusions1.In this study,the successful aging score of the elderly in the community was(52.47±9.66),which is at the middle level and needs to be further improved.The successful aging of the community elderly is affected by the residential mode,number of social activities,psychological resilience,cognitive function,and support utilization;The results of qualitative interviews further suggest that we can intervene in the successful elderly age from the physiological level,psychological level,health awareness level,family and social level.On this basis,a framework for successful aging intervention programs was developed.2.The scheme constructed in this study has undergone two rounds of expert consultation,with high enthusiasm and authority of the consultation experts,and a high coordination coefficient in terms of the importance and feasibility of the scheme content.Finally,successful intervention scheme for the elderly in the community has been formed,including five aspects:expected goals,health education,physical and cognitive functions,mental health,social support,and social security.