The Effect Of Health Empowerment On Geriatric Health Self-management Skills

Objective: To investigate health empowerment level and health self-management skill in older adults.To analyze the influence of health empowerment level on health self-management skill.To discuss the influencing factors of health empowerment level.Methods: From June 2020 to June 2021,a questionnaire survey was conducted among older adults in Hunan by cluster sampling.Data were collected through a general situation questionnaire,Elders Health Empowerment Scale,and Rating Scale of Health Self-Management Skill for Adults.T-test,ANOVA,Pearson correlation,hierarchical regression analyses,and multi-linear regression were used to analyze the relationship and influence between health empowerment and health self-management,and the influencing factors of health empowerment level.Results:(1)General information: 759 questionnaires were issued,with 688 effective questionnaires(91.02% efficiency).There are 688 older adults were investigated,including 351 males(51.0%)and 337 females(49.0%).421 old adults(61.2%)age range is 60～70,633 old adults(92.0%)were married,498 old adults(72.4%)were less than junior middle school,565 old adults(82.1%)were earning less than 3000 yuan per month,and 350 old adults(50.9%)were empty-nesters.470 old adults(68.3%)suffer from one or more diseases.389 old adults(56.5%)have a health management agency near their residence.384 old adults(55.8%)of the elderly have participated in health management.(2)Score of health self-management skills: The score of health self-management skill is 145.58±20.91,and the standardized score is 76.63.After standardizing the scales and the dimensions of each dimension,the behavior subscale scored the lowest,and the cognitive subscale scored the highest.Exercise self-management dimensions got the lowest score,the health faith dimension got the highest scores.(3)Score of health empowerment: The score of health empowerment is 31.20±5.47,the average of each dimension is 3.90±0.68.Support(4.09±0.94)and Self-motivation(4.09±0.95)got the highest mean scores,and self-efficacy got the lowest score(3.68±1.04).(4)Correlation between health empowerment level and health self-management skills: Health empowerment has a strong correlation with health self-management skill(Pearson coefficient was 0.695,P < 0.001)and health self-management cognitive(Pearson coefficient was 0.684,P < 0.001).Health empowerment has a medium correlation with health self-management behavior(Pearson coefficient was 0.520,P<0.001)and health self-management environment(Pearson coefficient was 0.572,P<0.001).(5)Effect of health empowerment level on health self-management skills: After single factor analysis of healthy self-management skill,the factors with statistical significance were degree of education,frequency of physical examination,health management organization,health management participation,self-assessment of health status,and past medical history.After controlling for confounding factors by hierarchical regression analyses,health self-empowerment independently accounted for32.3% of the variation in health self-management skill.(6)Influencing factors of health empowerment level: In the single factor analysis of health empowerment,the statistically significant factors were degree of education,frequency of physical examination,health management organization,health management participation,self-assessment of health status,and past medical history.Finally,the influencing factors in multiple linear regression were degree of education,frequency of physical examination,health management organization,health management participation,and self-assessment of health status.Conclusion:(1)The health self-management skills of the elderly is in the middle level,in which the score of sports self-management is the lowest,and the score of health belief is the highest.The overall performance is "high cognition,low behavior",it is suggested that we should pay attention to the practice of the health self-management skills of the elderly.(2)The level of health empowerment is medium to high,and still need to improve.The key to improving the level of health empowerment lies in the elderly themselves,the elderly should make full use of relevant resources,strengthen the power to control their health,and actively self-empowerment.(3)There is a positive correlation between the level of health empowerment and health self-management skills.The higher the level of health empowerment,the stronger the health self-management skills.(4)After controlling for the influence of confounding factors on health self-management skills,the level of health empowerment had a strong positive effect on health self-management.It shows that health empowerment affects the health self-management skills of the elderly.(5)The level of health empowerment is affected by many factors,which need to be considered in the process of improving the level of health empowerment.