Study On The Relationship Between Successful Aging,health Literacy And Self-care Ability Of The Elderly In Medical-nursing Combined Institutions

ObjectiveThis study takes the elderly in medical-nursing combined institutions as the research object,by understanding the current situation of successful aging,health literacy and selfcare ability,and analyzing the influencing factors of successful aging;to explore the relationship among successful aging,health literacy and self-care ability.From the perspective of the elderly themselves,this paper tries to put forward some suggestions to promote the successful aging of the elderly,in order to effectively promote the healthy pension of the elderly in medical-nursing combined institutions,and provide basis and guidance for future research on successful aging.MethodsUsing the method of cross-sectional study,the 270 elderly from 6 medical-nursing combined institutions in Jinan were selected from December 2021 to October 2022.The elderly were investigated by self-designed general data questionnaires,Successful Aging Inventory,Health Literacy Scale for Chronic Patients and the Self-care Ability Scale for the Elderly.Establish the database and use SPSS26.0 and Process plug-in for data analysis.The scores of general data and variables were analyzed by frequency,constituent ratio,mean and standard deviation;the effects of different individual characteristics on successful aging were analyzed by independent sample t-test,single factor analysis of variance and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis;the correlation between successful aging,health literacy and self-care ability was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.Stepwise regression method was used to explore the mediating effect of self-care ability between health literacy and successful aging,and Bootstrap method was used to analyze whether the mediating effect of self-care ability was significant.All the studies were statistically significant(P<0.05).Results1 The total score of successful aging was 47.19±13.17,and the average score of total items was 2.36±0.66.The scores of each dimension from high to low were as follows: sense of inheritance(2.96±1.11),functional coping mechanism(2.58±0.85),inner factor and survival meaning(2.46±0.89),beyond aging(2.11±0.61)and spirituality(1.59±0.88).The results of independent sample t-test and single factor analysis of variance showed that marital status,education level,frequency of contact with children,living status,source of income,monthly income,smoking habits,appetite,sleep time,number of chronic diseases,self-rated health status,social activities and successful aging level were the influencing factors of successful aging of the elderly in medical-nursing combined institutions(P<0.05).The results of multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that the living status of the elderly,help from relatives and friends,monthly income,appetite,number of chronic diseases,self-rated health status and self-assessed level of successful aging were the main influencing factors of successful aging.2 The total score of health literacy of the elderly in medical-nursing combined institutions was(81.45±14.63),and the average score of the total items was(3.39±0.61).The scores of each dimension were as follows: willingness to improve health(3.91±0.68),ability to communicate and interact(3.58±0.54),willingness to economic support(3.17±1.35),and ability to obtain information(3.03±0.74).The total score of self-care ability of the elderly in medical-nursing combined institutions was(62.41±9.99),and the average score of total items was(3.67±0.59).The scores of each dimension from high to low were goal(3.77±0.50),environment(3.62±0.87)and skill(3.60±0.75).3 Pearson correlation analysis showed that health literacy was positively correlated with successful aging(r=0.672,P<0.01),self-care ability was positively correlated with successful aging(r=0.761,P<0.01),health literacy was positively correlated with self-care ability(r=0.658,P<0.01).4 The self-care ability has some mediating effect between health literacy and successful aging,and the mediating effect is significant,the mediating effect is 53.16%.Conclusions1 The overall status of successful aging of the elderly in medical-nursing combined institutions is at a relatively low level.There are great differences in the level of successful aging among the elderly with different individual characteristics.Among them,the living status of the elderly,the help of relatives and friends,monthly income,appetite,the number of chronic diseases,self-assessment of health status,self-assessment of the level of successful aging are important predictors of successful aging of the elderly in medicalnursing combined institutions.2 The health literacy and self-care ability of the elderly in medical-nursing combined institutions are at a low level.There is a significant correlation between health literacy,selfcare ability and successful aging.3 The self-care ability of the elderly in medical-nursing combined institutions has some mediating effect between health literacy and successful aging,that is,the health literacy of the elderly can not directly affect successful aging,but also indirectly affect successful aging through self-care ability.The intermediary effect of self-care ability between health literacy and successful aging is 53.16%.