| Objective: This study compared the clinical data of healthy people,type 2 diabetics and diabetic cardiovascular patients,analyzed the clinical data,trying to find out the risk factors of diabetes complicated with cardiovascular disease.Meanwhile,by comparing the difference of intestinal flora,we studied the influence of intestinal flora on the pathological process,and explored the impact of imbalance of intestinal flora on diabetes complicated with cardiovascular disease.Methods: 16 patients respectively with diabetes mellitus(DM),diabetes complicated with cardiovascular disease(DC)and healthy control group(C)were selected.The diabetes group was a type 2 diabetic patient with no cardiovascular disease.Diabetic patients with cardiovascular complications were type 2 diabetes,and had definite diagnosis of coronary heart disease,that is,ST segment and T segment changes in electrocardiogram.Coronary artery contrast-enhanced CT showed vascular stenosis and blockage ≥ 50%,or coronary angiography,vascular stenosis ≥ 50%;People with healthy body,normal gastrointestinal tract and no anti infection intervention within one month.Blood specimens and fecal specimens of three groups of subjects were collected.Blood specimens were required to fast for 8 hours before testing,and blood specimens were taken from elbow vein for blood biochemical examination.During the collection of fecal specimens,sterile fecal collection bags were applied.New feces(2 tablespoons)were collected as required and stored at ultra-low temperature(-80 ℃).Analyze the samples,mainly extracting fecal DNA,PCR amplification and sequencing.Finally,the data and clinical index data of the three groups were compared to analyze the discrepancy of flora among the three groups.Results:1.Comparative analysis of general data: in the collected data,the number of specimens and the proportion of gender(male / female)of the three groups were basically the same,and there was no divergence.The age of the three groups were:healthy control group(C),60.0±5.66 years old,type 2 diabetes mellitus group(DM)60.81±7.29 years old,diabetic cardiovascular disease group(DC)69.31±6.35 years old.Contrast with the healthy control group(C),the mean value of systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure and duration of time in type 2 diabetes mellitus group(DM)increased greatly,with statistically significant difference(P<0.05).The mean values of age,systolic blood pressure and duration of disease in DC group were higher than those in the other two groups(P < 0.05).Compared with type 2diabetes mellitus group(DM): the mean age and duration of diabetes in cardiovascular disease group(DC)increased obviously(P<0.05).2.Comparative analysis of clinical blood and urine indexes: contrast with healthy control group(C): the mean of FPG,PPG120,CYS-C,Hb A1 c,CPS120,HCY,urine sugar and urine protein in type 2 diabetes mellitus group(DM)increased,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),and the mean value of HDL-C,ALP,HDL-C and urine decreased.The mean values of FPG,PPG120,TG,CYS-C,Hb A1 c,CPS120,BUN,HCY,urine sugar and urine protein were increased in diabetic cardiovascular disease group(DC).The discrepancy was very significant.HDL-C,APOA,and HCY index decreased in a certain range,and the results had significant statistical difference(P < 0.05).Compared with type 2 diabetes mellitus group(DM): the mean values of TG,CREA,BUN,CYS-C and HCY in the diabetic cardiovascular disease group(DC)increased,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),the mean value of HDL-C decreased,P<0.05.3.Correlation analysis showed that the occurrence and development of diabetic cardiovascular disease were positively correlated with age,disease duration,TG,BUN,CYS-C and HCY(P < 0.05).4.Finally,Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for the occurrence and development of diabetic cardiovascular disease were BUN,CYS-C,HCY and disease duration.5.The PCR-DGGE fingerprints showed that in the healthy control group(C),type 2diabetes mellitus group(DM),diabetic cardiovascular disease group(DC),the number,location and luminosity of the bands in the three groups were various.It could be judged that the structure of these flora was complex and diverse.The divergence of intestinal flora in each group was small,the similarity was high,the difference between groups was large,and the similarity was low.The three groups of samples were located in different quadrants,with close spacing and large distance between groups.They were obviously divided into three groups,indicating that there were huge differences in the composition of intestinal flora among the three groups of samples.The number of bands in healthy control group(C)was significantly higher than that in type 2 diabetes mellitus group(DM)and diabetic cardiovascular disease group(DC),and the number of bands in type 2diabetes mellitus group(DM)was significantly higher than that in diabetic cardiovascular disease group(DC).The more the number of bands in the sample,the more species of bacteria and the higher the richness;The less the number of bands in the sample,the less the species of bacteria and the lower the richness.The Shannon index of the three groups showed that there were obvious differences in the diversity of the three groups of bacteria.The bacteria in the healthy control group(C)were more than those in the 2 type diabetes mellitus group(DM)and the diabetic cardiovascular disease group(DC),and the type 2 diabetes mellitus group(DM)had more bacteria than the diabetic cardiovascular disease group(DC).Conclusion:1.The general information and clinical indicators of the subjects in the health group,the diabetes group and the complication group are significantly different.The occurrence of cardiovascular disease in diabetes is related to age,duration of disease,triglycerides,urea nitrogen,cystatin C,and homocysteine.2.The risk factors of cardiovascular disease in diabetes were BUN,CYS-C,HCY and duration of disease;3.The brightness and position of PCR-DGGE bands of the three groups of subjects were different.The flora richness and diversity of the health group,diabetes group and complication group decreased in turn,and there was significant difference in the intestinal flora among the groups.4.Compared with the healthy group,the beneficial bacteria in the T2 DM group and the complication group decreased,the harmful bacteria increased,the intestinal flora was disordered,and the imbalance of the intestinal flora was involved in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease in diabetes. |
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