The Tracking And Related Factor Analysis Of Hyperopia Reserve In Preschool Children

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the current status of hyperopia reserve and other refractive errors among preschool children in Suzhou High tech Zone,analyze the progression characteristics of hyperopia reserve deficiency and explore the influencing factors of hyperopia reserve.Provide reference values and suggestions for preventing premature consumption of hyperopia reserve among preschool children and formulating corresponding policies.MethodThis study was conducted combining vision screening and questionnaire survey.Vision screening was conducted in all community health service centers and kindergartens in Suzhou High tech Zone in 2020 and 2021.Trained child health doctors used the Welch Allyn Spot to collect refractive data of children,tracking 26528 preschool children aged 2-5(2020)or 3-6(2021),and analyzing their status and progression characteristics of hyperopia reserve.A questionnaire survey was conducted on 4-year-old children in 2020,mainly to investigate the related factors of hyperopia reserve deficiency.After parents filled out the questionnaire,it was collected by the investigators and ultimately included in the survey questionnaire of 5087 children for analysis.Pearson χ2-test analysis and Fisher test were used for qualitative data in vision screening,using one-way ANOVA test and Welch test between multiple sets of quantitative data;Single factor analysis of questionnaire content χ2-test and multivariate logistic regression model analysis.All test P-values in this article are bilateral,and P<0.05 is considered statistically significant.Result1.Prevalence status of hyperopia reserve in preschool children:There were 26528 preschool children screened and included for this analysis.In 2020,the research results showed that the prevalence of hyperopia reserve deficiency in boys(19.9%)was higher than that in girls(18.4%)(x 2=10.059,P=0.002),subgroup analysis showed that in the 4-year-old group(χ2=4.956,P=0.026)and in the 5-year-old group(χ2=4.558,P=0.033),the prevalence of hyperopia reserve deficiency is higher in boys than in girls.The research results in 2021 show that the prevalence of hyperopia reserve deficiency,boys(19.8%)is higher than that of girls(18.2%)(χ2=11.987,P=0.001),hyperopia reserve deficiency showed statistical differeices among different age groups(χ2=24.290,P<0.001),subgroup analysis shows that in the 4-year-old group(x 2=7.334,P=0.007)and in the 5-year-old group(χ2=8.623,P=0.003),the prevalence of hyperopia reserve deficiency is higher in boys than in girls.The analysis of refractive data in 2020 and 2021 showed that preschool children had both statistically significant difference in average value of right eyes sphere(F=6.627,P<0.001)(F=8.903,P<0.001),right eyes cylinder(F=5.710,P=0.001)(F=5.226,P=0.001),and right eyes SE(F=15.046,P<0.001)(F=13.463,P<0.001)at different ages,left eyes sphere(F=11.630,P<0.001)(F=11.028,P<0.001)and left eyes SE(F=20.026,P<0.001)(F=15.431,P<0.001),and the left eye cylinder(F=4.995,P=0.002)in 2021 was also statistically significant.The 2020 results showed myopia(P<0.001)and astigmatism(x 2=127.835,P<0.001)The incidence rate showed statistical differences among different age groups.The 2021 results show that the prevalence of hyperopia in boys(1.3%)is higher than that in girls(1.0%)(x2=4.299,P=0.038),myopia(χ2=26.398,P<0.001),astigmatism(χ2=58.838,P<0.001)were statistically significant among different age groups.2.By analyzing two-year refractive data of 26528 preschool children,the progressive characteristics of hyperopia reserve in preschool children:The tracking data results show that there are statistical differences in different SE changes among different age groups(x2=26.081,P<0.001).The proportion of the 2-3 year old and 3-4 year old groups in the SE unchanged group is smaller than that of the other groups;The proportion of the 4-5 year old group in the SE decreasing group is smaller than that of the other groups,and the proportion in the SE increasing group is greater than that of the other groups;The proportion of the 5-6 year old group in the SE unchanged group is greater than that of the other groups,and the proportion in the SE increasing group is smaller than that of the other groups.For the analysis of preschool children with SE decreasing group,the proportion of mild and moderate changes in the 2-3 year old group and 3-4 year old group was significantly higher than that in the 4-5 year old and 5-6 year old groups,and the proportion of no significant changes was less than that in the 4-5 year old and 5-6 year old groups;And the proportion of severe changes in the 3-4 year old group is the highest.In the 4-year-old group,boys have a higher incidence rate of hyperopia reserve deficiency than girls.Further analysis of the newly diagnosed people of hyperopia reserve deficiency shows that the decline rate of 2-3 years old and 3-4 years old is significantly faster than that of 4-5 years old and 5-6 years old.3.The influencing factors of preschool children’s hyperopia reserve:The results showed that girls OR(95%CI)=0.805(0.700,0.927),father myopia OR(95%CI)=1.199(1.032,1.393),mother myopia OR(95%CI)=1.170(1.006,1.36),use of night lights for less than 1 hour OR(95%CI)=1.526(1.213,1.919),and 1-3 hour OR(95%CI)=1.480(1.093,2.004),insufficient vegetable intake OR(95%CI)=1.249(1.070,1.459),no food allergen OR(95%CI)=0.775(0.628,0.956)was significantly associated with hyperopia reserve deficiency.Conclusion1.In this study,the prevalence of hyperopia reserve deficiency varies between gender and age.The prevalence of hyperopia in boys was higher than that in girls,and it increases with age.Among other refractive errors,the prevalence of hyperopia in boys is higher than that in girls,and there is a significant statistical correlation of astigmatism and myopia by age.Attention should be paid to the occurrence and development of refractive problems in preschool children.2.The status of hyperopia reserve deficiency in preschool children is not optimistic.The decline rate of hyperopia reserves in the low age groups is faster than that in the high age group.It is necessary to strengthen the prevention of excessive consumption of early hyperopia reserves in young children,scientifically educate parents,and strengthen family prevention.3.Parents with myopia should pay more attention to the problem of premature depletion of their children’s hyperopia reserve;It is recommended that parents ensure a sleeping environment for their children and do not use night lights during night sleep;Ensure appropriate intake of vegetables for preschool children to ensure their healthy visual development.Pay attention to the development of hyperopia reserve deficiency in preschool children,attach importance to screening for refractive errors and establish children’s visual health records to grasp children’s refractive trends and protect children’s visual safety.