Development Of Psychological Capital Scale For Nurses In Chinese Local Context And Its Reliability And Validity Test

Objective:Based on the Chinese cultural background and professional characteristics of nurses,this study developed a scale for measuring the psychological capital of nurses in China,which was based on the framework of psychological capital structure of nurses constructed earlier by the research group,it provides a scientific and effective evaluation tool for evaluating the status of nurses’psychological capital and carrying out intervention research.Method:1.In May 2021,based on the framework of nurses’psychological capital structure constructed by the research group in the early stage,the first and second dimensions of the scale were constructed;the typical statement sentences collected from the previous expert interviews and literature analysis are further refined,and the item pool of the psychological capital scale is established to form the first draft of the scale.2.From May 2021 to August 2021,experts in the fields of nursing psychology,nursing education,nursing management and clinical nursing were invited to participate the Delphi method consultation,experts were asked to rate the importance(17 experts)and the relevance(6 experts)of the items respectively and give advice.According to the experts’evaluation and opinion on the importance of the items,the research group revised the dimensions and items of the scale;the content validity was determined by the correlation of the items in the scale.3.In September 2021,a pre-survey was conducted among 20 serving nurses of a third-A-grade general hospital in Baoding by using convenience sampling method,and suggestions on the expression and semantics of the scale were sought,form the formal test draft of local nurses’psychological capital scale.4.September 2021 to December 2021,a total of 619 nurses from two third-A-grade general hospitals in Baoding were tested by convenience sampling,of whom 319 were used for item screening,including item analysis and exploratory factor analysis,another 300 nurses were used to test the reliability and validity of the scale.Result:1.The formation of the initial item pool:On the basis of the early stage of the team building of local nurses psychological capital structure framework,form the initial item pool contains three first-level dimensions(work task-oriented psychological capital,interpersonal relationship-oriented psychological capital,learning development-oriented psychological capital),15 second-level dimensions(calmness,work immersion,resilience,optimism,self-efficacy,professional responsibility,adaptation,dedication,inclusiveness,modesty,sense of community,reflection,initiative,learning to use,innovation)and 70 third-level items.2.Results of Delphi method consultation:The positive coefficients of experts in two rounds were 90.0%and 94.4%,the degree of authority were 0.787 and 0.783,and the Kendall coordination coefficients were 0.180 and 0.280(P<0.001).Based on the evaluation and revision of the importance of the items of the scale by 17 experts,3 first-level dimensions are retained,2 second-level dimensions(“adaptation”and“learning to use”)and 22 third-level items are deleted,and 5 third-level items are added,and the second-level dimension is modesty adjusted to humility and reflection is adjusted to critical reflection,form three first-level dimensions,13 secondary dimensions and 53 third-level items of local nurses’psychological capital evaluation scale;Through the evaluation of the relevance of the scale items by 6 experts,1 third-level item was deleted,and the content validity index of the remaining 52 items was0.83～1.00.3.Results of a small sample pre-survey:20 nurses did not ask questions about the content expression and semantics of the local nurses’psychological capital scale,and finally formed a test draft of 52 items,there are 27 items of work task-oriented psychological capital,14 items of interpersonal relationship-oriented psychological capital and 11 items of learning and development-oriented psychological capital.4.Item screening results:the results of item analysis show that each item meets the screening criteria.Exploratory factor analysis extracted 3 factors(work task-oriented psychological capital,interpersonal relationship-oriented psychological capital,learning development-oriented psychological capital),the cumulative variance contribution rate was68.71%,according to the exploratory factor analysis item screening criteria,9 items were deleted,and finally formed a local nurse psychological capital scale of 43 items.5.Results of reliability and validity test:the I-CVI of 43 items was 0.83～1.00,S-CVI/Ave was 0.988;Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit well,~2/(91)=2.839,RMR=0.041,RMSEA=0.078,IFI=0.872,TLI=0.863,CFI=0.871,PNFI=0.768,which were all within acceptable range;The combined reliability(CR)of work task-oriented psychological capital,interpersonal relationship-oriented psychological capital and learning development-oriented psychological capital were 0.953,0.968 and 0.958,and the average variance extraction(AVE)were 0.471,0.712 and 0.758,indicating that the structural dimension of the scale had a good convergence effect;Except for the correlation coefficients(0.760 and 0.733)of the work task-oriented psychological capital dimension and the other two dimensions are greater than the square root of AVE(0.686)under this dimension,the discriminant validity is not good,and the correlation coefficients of the remaining dimensions are less than the square root of the corresponding AVE,indicating that the discriminant validity of the scale is acceptable;The correlation coefficient between the total score of the local nurse psychological capital scale and the work engagement scale was 0.579,and the correlation coefficient of each dimension was 0.443～0.605,the results were statistically significant(P<0.01).In addition,the Cronbach’sαcoefficient of the scale as a whole was 0.975,and the Cronbach’sαcoefficient of each dimension was 0.952 to 0.967;the fold half-reliability coefficient of the total table was 0.872,and the folding half-reliability coefficient of each dimension was 0.897 to 0.945;the retest reliability of the total table was 0.850,and the retest reliability of each dimension was 0.711 to 0.851.Conclusion:The scale of psychological capital of local nurses included 3 dimensions,43 items,including work task-oriented psychological capital,interpersonal relationship-oriented psychological capital,learning development-oriented psychological capital.The subjects measured by the scale are in accordance with the cultural background and the characteristics of nursing profession in China,which can accurately reflect the current situation of nurses’psychological capital in China,and find out the deficiency of the positive psychological ability of nurses in time,to provide reference for making intervention plan of nurses’psychological capital.