| Purpose: Through literature review,expert meetings and pre-testing,we developed a discharge preparation program to strengthen theoretical knowledge and bedside living care skills,and evaluated the effect of the di scharge preparation program on caregivers’ home care skills to provide a theoretical basis for the full imple mentation and promotion of the neonatal discharge preparation program in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit(NICU).Method: Neonates and main caregivers of NICU of a tertiary hospital in Urumqi,Xinjiang from November2021 to June 2022 were selected as the study objects,with 60 pairs from the control group and the intervent ion group.By convenience sampling method,newborns and caregivers admitted from November 2021 to Fe bruary 2022 were assigned as the control group and given routine care in the NICU,newborns and caregiver s admitted from March 2022 to June 2022 were assigned as the intervention group,and the discharge prepar ation program intervention was implemented on the basis of the control group.Compchanges in care ability and anxiety before and after the intervention,neonatal development,including physical development(lengt h,weight),feeding method,milk choking,bucking and diaper rash.SPSS26.0 medical statistical software was used for data analysis,and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:(1)Basic information of the study subjects: newborn infants: 57 male infants,63 female infants,the average gestational age was(35.62±3.25)weeks,and 56 premature infants,the proportion(46.70%).Mea n gestational age(35.77±3.07)weeks,body weight 3340.00(2707.50,3615.00)g,intervention group mean gestational age(34.03±3.64)weeks,and body weight 3230.00(2312.50,3578.80)g.Caregivers: 34 fathers and 86 mothers,with a mean age of(30.89±4.61)years.The mean age of the control group was(31.52±4.70)years and(30.27±4.47)years in the intervention group.There were no statistically significant differenc es between the two groups in gestational age,fetal birth length and weight,and general information on demo graphic characteristics such as sex,age and education of the caregivers,as well as baseline information such as admission caregiving ability and stress and anxiety scores(P > 0.05).(2)Primary caregiver caregiving a bility scores: the post-intervention caregiving ability scores of caregivers in the intervention group(73.25±7.01)were higher than those in the control group(50.18±4.80),and the difference in scores in the interventio n group d(29.37±8.21)was higher than that in the control group(8.57±3.19),with statistically significant differences(P<0.001).(3)Nervous anxiety scores of parents of neonates in NICU: comparing between gro ups after the intervention,the total nervous anxiety scores of caregivers in the intervention group(90.08±14.52)were lower than those in the control group(102.73±18.79),and the difference was statistically signifi cant(P<0.05);the difference of nervous anxiety scores d in the intervention group(40.28±16.20)was high er than the control group(23.35±14.81),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).(4)Physic al growth and development of newborns:The body weight of the intervention group at 42 days and 3 months after birth was 4620.00(3997.50,4854.25)g and 5302.50(4605.00,5638.75)higher than that of the contro l group at 4217.50(3092.50,4696.25)g and 5040.00(4531.25).5408.75)g,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P=0.009,P=0.028).(5)Feeding: During hospitalization,the proportion of artificial feeding was lower in 16 cases(23.34%)than in 28 cases(46.67%)in the control group,and the proportion of mixed feeding was higher in 45 cases(75.00%)than in 31 cases(51.67%)in the control group(P=0.043);the time of first breastfeeding and full breastfeeding in the intervention group during hospitaliza tion(2.86±0.82,5.82±1.14)were earlier than in the control group(3.94±1.03,7.58±2.75)days,(p<0.05);When feeding patterns were compared at 1 week of discharge and 42 days after birth,the intervention gr oup had a higher breastfeeding rate(55.00%,51.67%)than the control group(33.33%,20.00%),a lower mi xed feeding rate(38.33%,43.33%)than the control group(46.67%,65.00%),and a lower proportion of man ual feeding(6.67%,5.00%)than the control group(12.00%,15.00%),(P < 0.05);(6)The incidence of chok ing and diaper dermatitis in the two groups: the choking rate(31.67%)and the incidence of diaper dermatiti s(26.67%)after discharge were lower in the intervention group than in the control group(56.67%,45.00%);the number of choking and coughing with milk overflow was lower in the intervention group(2.74±0.56)than in the control group(5.21±1.77),and the differences were The differences were statistically significan t(P < 0.05).Conclusion:(1)After the implementation of the discharge preparation program intervention,the caregivers’ caregiving ability was moderately high,and there was a significant improvement in the three areas of safet y and security,special care,and parent-child relationship.(2)The caregivers’ nervousness and anxiety decre ased from very nervous and anxious to average nervous and anxious;(3)The time to first breastfeeding and full feeding of newborns in the hospital was significantly reduced,and the breastfeeding rate reached more t han 50% in the first week of discharge and 42 days after birth;the incidence of choking on overflowing mil k and diaper dermatitis decreased by about 20%.(4)It is necessary to fully promote the discharge preparati on program in the neonatal care unit. |
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