| Objective: We observed the characteristics of P300 in depressed patients at different ages and studied the differences in cognitive impairment in depressed patients at different ages.To explore the characteristics of depression at different ages and its relationship with P300.Methods: According to the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for depression,a total of 20 adolescent patients,22 adult patients,21 middle-older patients,and 19 patients in the control group were enrolled.The latency and amplitude of each P300 component of the four groups were induced using the auditory "Oddball" paradigm.MOCA and Thinc-it,and 24 Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD-24),and 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA-14)assessed the clinical symptoms of patients in the depression group.Statistical analysis of the data above was performed using the SPSS25.0 software.Results:1.The results of MOCA testing varied between the four groups1.1Differences between the MOCA total scoresThe total score of the middle-older group(P <0.01)was lower than that of the adolescent group,adult group,and control group.There was no statistical difference between the adolescent,adult,and control groups(P> 0.05).1.2 Differences between individual factor scores of MOCAIn the middle-older group,the scores of visual space and executive function,naming,attention,language,and abstraction(P <0.01 or P <0.05)were lower than that of the adolescent group,and the scores of delayed memory and orientation factor were lower than those of the adolescent group(P> 0.05).The middle-older group was lower in visual space and executive function,naming,language,abstraction,and orientation(P <0.01),and lower in attention and delayed memory than the adult group(P> 0.05).The middle-older and control group were statistically significant in visual space and executive function,naming,attention,abstraction,and delayed memory(P<0.01 or P <0.05),and not in language or orientation(P>0.05).There was no statistical difference between the adolescent group,adult group,and control group in the visual space and executive function,naming,attention,language,abstraction,delayed memory,and orientation(P> 0.05).1.3 Age and MOCA total score and score of each factorThe age varies from MOCA total score,visual space and executive function,naming,attention,language,abstract,and orientation,(β=-0.637,-0.723,-0.460,-0.382,-0.579,-0.443,-0.252;P<0.01 or P<0.05).There was no difference between age and delayed memory(β =-0.216;P> 0.05).2.The difference between the four groups among the individual factors of Thinc-it2.1Differences between the four groups in the Tinc-ti scoresThe factor scores of CRT,DSST,TMT-B,and N-back in the middle-older group were lower than those in the adolescent group(P<0.01 or P<0.05),and the PDQ-5-D in the middle-older group was higher than that in the adolescent group(P>0.05).The factor scores of DSST,TMT-B,and N-back in the middle-older group were lower than those in the adult group,and the factor scores of PDQ-5-D were higher than those in the adult group(P<0.01 or P<0.05).The factor scores of CRT in the middle-older group were lower than those in the adult group(P>0.05).The factor scores of CRT,DSST,TMT-B,and PDQ-5-D in the adolescent group were higher than those in the adult group(P>0.05),and the factor scores of N-back were lower than those in the adult group(P>0.05).There were statistically significant differences in CRT,DSST,TMT-B,N-back,and PDQ-5-D between the control group and the elderly,adult,and adolescent groups(P<0.01).2.2 Age varies from the individual factors of Thinc-tiAge is different from N-back、DSST、TMT-B(β=-0.407、-0.515、-0.308;P<0.01 or P<0.05).No difference between age and CRT(β=-0.222;P>0.05)。3.Differences between the components of P300 among the four groups3.1 Differences in P300 latency between the four groups N1,N2,P2,P3 a,P3bThe N1 latency in the middle-older group was lower than that in the adolescent group(P<0.01),the N2,P3 a,and P3 b latency was longer than that in the adolescent group(P<0.01),and the P2 latency was longer than that in the adolescent group(P>0.05).The latency of N1 in the middle-older group was lower than that in the adult group(P<0.01),and the latency of N2,P2,P3 a,and P3 b was longer than that in the adult group(P<0.01 or P<0.05).The latency of N2,P3 a,and P3 b in the middle-older group was longer than that in the control group(P<0.01),while the latency of N1 was lower than that in the control group(P>0.05),and the latency of P2 was longer than that in the control group(P>0.05).The latency in N1,N2,P2,and P3 b in the adolescent group was longer than that in the adult group(P>0.05),and the latency in P3 a was shorter than that in the adult group(P>0.05).The latency of N1 in the adolescent group was longer than that in the control group(P<0.05),but there was no statistically significant difference in the latency of N2,P2,P3 a,and P3b(P>0.05).The latency of N1,P3 a,and P3 b in the adult group was greater than that in the control group(P>0.05),and the latency of N2 and P2 in the adult group was smaller than that in the control group(P>0.05).3.2 Differences in the P300 amplitudes between the four groupsThe amplitude of N2 in the middle-older group was lower than that in the adolescent group(P<0.01),and the amplitude of N1,P2,P3 a,and P3 b in the middle-older group was lower than that in the adolescent group(P>0.05).The amplitudes of N1,P2,and P3 a in the middle-older group were higher than those in the adult group(P>0.05),while the amplitudes of N2(P<0.01),P3b(P>0.05)were lower than those in the adult group.There was no significant difference in N1,N2,P2,P3 a,and P3 b amplitudes between the middle-older and control groups(P>0.05).The amplitude of N1 and P2 in the adolescent group was higher than that in the adult group(P<0.05),while the amplitude of N2 and P3 a was higher than that in the adult group(P>0.05),and the amplitude of P3 b was lower than that in the adult group(P>0.05).The amplitude of N2 in the adolescent group was greater than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the amplitude of N1,P2,P3 a,and P3 b in the adolescent group was greater than that in the control group(P>0.05).The amplitude of N1,P2,and P3 a in the adult group was smaller than that in the control group(P>0.05),and the amplitude of N2,and P3 b was larger than that in the control group(P>0.05).3.3 Differences between age and P300 componentsAge differs from N1 latency,P2 latency,N2 latency,P3 a latency,P3 b latency,and N2 amplitude(β=-0.396,0.279,0.444,0.645,0.609,-0.523,P<0.01 or P<0.05).There is no difference with N1 amplitude,P2 amplitude,P3 a amplitude,and P3 b amplitude(β=-0.07、-0.046、-0.111、0.008,P>0.05)。4.Correlation between MOCA total score,each factor score,and Thinc-it,P300,HAMD,and HAMA among the three groupsIn the adolescent group,there were correlations between the total score of MOCA and TMT-B,visual space and executive function and TMT-B,attention and DSST,P3 b amplitude,delayed memory and CRT,N1 amplitude,orientation and PDQ-5-D,HAMD,HAMA(P<0.05).The total score of MOCA in the adult group had a positive correlation with TMT-B(P<0.01),while P3 b amplitude had a negative correlation(P<0.05).There was a positive correlation between naming and N1 amplitude and PDQ-5-D(P<0.05).Attention has a positive correlation with PDQ-5-D(P<0.05),and a negative correlation with HAMD(P<0.01)and HAMA(P<0.05)scales.The language was positively correlated with P3 a latency(P<0.05)and negatively correlated with P3 b amplitude(P<0.05).Abstraction was negatively correlated with N1 latency(P<0.05).Delayed memory was negatively correlated with N-back,P3 a amplitude,and P3 b amplitude(P<0.05).Orientation was positively correlated with PDQ-5-D(P<0.05)and negatively correlated with P2 amplitude(P<0.05).The total score of MOCA and attention was a positive correlation with PDQ-5-D in the middle-older group(P<0.05).Visual space and executive function were positively correlated with PDQ-5-D(P<0.05),and negatively correlated with P3 a latency(P<0.01).There was a negative correlation between naming and N2 amplitude(P<0.05).Attention was positively correlated with PDQ-5-D(P<0.05).There was a negative correlation between language and P3 a latency(P<0.05).Abstraction was negatively correlated with N2 latency(P<0.05)and positively correlated with P3 a amplitude(P<0.05).Delayed memory was positively correlated with P3 a latency(P<0.05)and P3 b latency(P<0.01),while P3 b amplitude was negatively correlated(P<0.05).5.Correlation between the scores of each Thinc-ti factor and P300,HAMD,and HAMA among the three groupsThere was a negative correlation between N-back and N2 latency in the adolescent group(P<0.05).CRT in the adult group had a negative correlation with HAMD and HAMA(P<0.05),and a positive correlation with P3 a amplitude(P<0.01).DSST has a positive correlation with N1 amplitude(P<0.05),while P2 amplitude has a negative correlation(P<0.05).PDQ-5-D has a negative correlation with the amplitudes of HAMD,HAMA,and P2(P<0.01 or P<0.05),while N1 amplitudes have a positive correlation(P<0.05).There was a negative correlation between CRT,PDQ-5-D,and HAMA in the middle-aged and elderly(P<0.05).6.Correlation between HAMD,HAMA,and P300 components between the three groupsThe N1 amplitude in the adolescent group was positively correlated with HAMD and HAMA(P<0.01 or P<0.05).The P3 b amplitude in the adult group was positively correlated with HAMA(P<0.05).There was a negative correlation between HAMA and P2 latency in the elderly group(P<0.05).Conclusion:1.The amplitude and latency of various components of P300 in patients with depression change with age throughout their entire life cycle.2.The impairment of cognitive function in milder-older patients with depression may be reflected in various aspects.The main manifestations are that various factor scores,MOCA total scores,and various factor scores of Thinc-it are lower than those of the adolescent and adult groups,and the latency of components such as P2,N2,P3 a,and P3 b is longer than those of the adolescent and adult groups.3.Compared with adolescent depression patients,adult depression patients are more manifested in executive ability and attention,and their factor scores of Thinc-it,CRT,TMT-B,and DSST,are lower than those of the adolescent group.The MOCA factor scores were lower in visual space and executive function,attention,language,and delayed memory than in the adolescent group.It is not reflected in various components of P300.4.Compared with the adult group,adolescent depression patients are more manifested in executive ability and memory,and their factor scores of Thinc-it,and N-back are lower than those of the adult group.The MOCA factor scores were lower in naming,abstraction,and orientation than in the adult group.It is not reflected in various components of P300. |
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