| Objective:Questionnaire survey and group psychological intervention were used to explore the relationship between mental toughness,loneliness and social adaptation of left-behind children in senior primary schools(fourth,fifth and sixth grades).The psychological group intervention program of traditional Chinese medicine for mental toughness was adopted to conduct group psychological intervention for children with low level of mental toughness,so as to reduce their sense of loneliness and improve their level of social adaptation.Methods:This study is divided into two parts: Study 1: A questionnaire survey was conducted on 883 left-behind children in grades 4,5 and 6 of 5township primary schools in a city of Shandong Province by means of "Adolescent Resilience Scale","Children’s Loneliness Scale" and "Children’s Social Adjustment Scale".To explore the relationship between psychological resilience,loneliness and social adjustment and the mediating role of loneliness in psychological resilience and social adjustment.Study 2: By comparing the scores of left-behind children in the "Adolescent Mental toughness Scale",30 people in the low group were selected as the intervention objects of psychological toughness of traditional Chinese medicine psychological group.Among them,15 people(divided by whether they are willing to participate in the group)were used as the experimental group,and the other 15 were used as the control group.The control group was subjected to normal life and learning activities through the intervention of psychological toughness of traditional Chinese medicine psychological group.To explore the effects of this intervention method on psychological resilience,loneliness and social adaptation.Results:(1)The scores of mental toughness,loneliness and social adaptation of left-behind children in senior primary schools were(99.627±41.272),(33.598±12.564)and(160.166±21.187),respectively;(2)There were no significant differences in the total score of mental toughness and individual manpower of rural left-behind children in senior primary schools in terms of gender and parents’ going out(P>0.05),but there were significant differences in supporting force in terms of grade,parents’ going out time and frequency of reunion with parents(P<0.001;P < 0.05;P<0.05);There were significant differences in loneliness in grade,parents’ out-of-home situation,parents’ out-of-home time,and the frequency of reunion with parents(P<0.001;P < 0.01;P < 0.01;P<0.01),there was no significant difference in gender(P>0.05);There were significant differences in the scores of social adjustment and the different dimensions in grade,parents’ time out,and the frequency of reunion with parents(P<0.01;P < 0.001;P<0.05),there were no significant differences in gender and parental outing(P>0.05);(3)The mental toughness of left-behind children in senior primary schools was significantly negatively correlated with loneliness(r=-0.198,P<0.01),significantly positively correlated with social adjustment(r=0.222,P<0.01),and significantly negatively correlated with loneliness and social adjustment(r=--0.603,P<0.01).(4)The mental toughness of left-behind children in senior primary schools is a positive predictor of social adjustment,and loneliness plays an intermediary role.(5)In the psychological group intervention study of traditional Chinese medicine,there were no significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in the total scores of the three variables of mental toughness,loneliness and social adjustment and the pretests of each dimension(P>0.05);There were significant differences between the pretest and posttest in the experimental group in the total score of mental toughness,individual manpower,supportive force,loneliness,social adaptation,life and activity adaptation,social relationship and concept adaptation(P<0.01;P < 0.001;P < 0.05;P < 0.01;P < 0.001;P < 0.001;P<0.001),there was no significant difference between the experimental group before and after learning and school adaptation(P>0.05);There were no significant differences in the total score of mental toughness and its human dimension,loneliness,social adaptation score and its dimensions of life and activity adaptation,social relationship and concept adaptation between pre-test and post-test in control group(P>0.05),but there were significant differences in support,learning and school adaptation before and after test in control group(P<0.05;P<0.01);There were significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in psychological toughness,individual strength,supportive force,loneliness,total score of social adaptation,life and activity adaptation,social relationship and concept adaptation(P<0.01;P < 0.01;P < 0.05;P <0.05;P < 0.001;P < 0.001;P<0.001;)There was no significant difference between pre-test and post-test of learning and school adjustment in experimental group and control group(P>0.05).Conclusion:(1)The mental toughness and social adaptation level of rural left-behind children in senior primary schools are above the average level,and the level of loneliness is relatively high.(2)There is no significant difference in demographic variables in the mental toughness of rural left-behind children in senior primary schools;There were significant differences in loneliness in grade,parents’ going out,parents’ going out time,and the frequency of reunion with parents.Social adjustment varies significantly in grade,parental time away,and frequency of reunion with parents.(3)The mental toughness of rural left-behind children in senior primary schools was significantly negatively correlated with loneliness,and significantly positively correlated with social adjustment;There was a significant negative correlation between loneliness and social adjustment.(4)Loneliness of rural left-behind children in senior primary schools plays an intermediary role in the influence of psychological resilience on social adjustment.(5)Psychological resilience The psychological group intervention of traditional Chinese medicine has a significant effect,which can effectively improve the level of mental resilience of rural left-behind children in senior primary schools,reduce their loneliness,and improve their social adaptation level. |
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