Effects Of Biochar And Rapeseed Cake Application On The Biological Effects Of Corn And Cabbage And Changes In Inorganic Nitrogen In Yellow Soi

Yellow soil widely distributed in Guizhou,is very important to agricultural production development,but affected by Guizhou mountain terrain,subtropical monsoon climate,yellow soil nutrient loss is serious,acid,sticky,thin phenomenon,and the long-term investment of excessive fertilizer,causing serious the waste of resources,environmental pollution,low production quality,low fertilizer utilization rate,which seriously hindered the main dry land food crops,corn and southern China main edible vegetables-cabbage.This study selected rotating maize-cabbage and yellow soil as the subjects.Through potted and field experiments,chemical nitrogen fertilizer reduced the effect of maize and yellow soil by 20%.The results showed that biochar and rapeseed cake distribution significantly affected the characteristics,quality,yield,nutrient absorption and photosynthesis of corn and cabbage,and significantly reflected soil nutrients,inorganic nitrogen,enzyme activity and the structure and bacterial community abundance.Compared with conventional chemical fertilizer treatment,biocharcoal is treated with rapeseed cake:（1）Overall effectively improve the biotraits and yield composition of corn and cabbage,increasing 9.72%and 39.26%respectively;corn seed reduced sugar,starch and crude protein content by 16.21%,3.52%and 20.25%respectively,and cabbage Vc,amino acid and reduced sugar content by 26.31%,20.99%and 27.75%respectively.（2）The SPAD values of corn seedling,jointing,spike extraction and mature leaves were increased by 42.68%,11.02%,12.77%and 30.25%,respectively,Leaf SPAD value of Chinese cabbage seedling period,lifetime and harvest period was increased by 13.46%,9.23%and 30.25%,respectively;Max.net photosynthetic rate（Pn）in maize seedling period and maturity period,Miao,jointing,and mature spiration rate（Tr）;cabbage growth and harvest Pn increased 6.81%and 14.61%respectively,During the Miao period,lifetime,and harvest period,Gs was increased by 10%,64.71%,and 19.23%,respectively（3）Quality of corn leaves,seeds and root dried material increased by 6.44%,5.83%and 23.9%respectively,31.57%and 3.71%respectively;nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium absorption increased by 28.43%,35.46%and 30.62%respectively,total nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium absorption increased by 36.32%,55.17%and 50.23%respectively.（4）Increase of soil organic matter,alkaline solution nitrogen,effective phosphorus and rapid effect potassium content by 56.82%,16.58%,255.00%and59.36%,respectively,The Chinese cabbage season has increased by 128.52%,61.82%,193.00%and 18.20%respectively;From the soil NO₃^--N content analysis,The corn seedling period,jointing period,spike extraction period and harvest period were increased by 5.01%,52.11%,43.09%and 25.69%,respectively;The Chinese cabbage seedling period,longevity and harvest period were increased by 182.07%,8.44%and23.51%,respectively;Analysis of the NH₄⁺-N content from the soil,Corn seedling and jointing period increased 32.55%and 3.96%respectively,cabbage seedling period,longevity and harvest period increased by 20.67%,37.15%and 67.04%respectively;The activity of soil urease,protease,cellulase and peroxidase were increased by 100%,47.73%,16.28%and 14.95%,respectively;Improve the relative abundances of Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Acidobacteria,and Patescibacteria,Bacteria Ace index and coverage increased by 6.24%and 0.51%,respectively.（5）In field test,biocharcoal and rapeseed cake increased 10.7%and 29.34%compared with conventional fertilizer corn and cabbage;and annual economic efficiency increased 1.38%compared with conventional fertilizer treatment.To sum up,in the combination of biocharcoal and rapeseed cake,biocharcoal and rapeseed cake can effectively promote the growth of Guizhou yellow loam crops（corn and cabbage）,improve biological characteristics,optimize yield composition,enhance blade photosynthetic function and green period,improve soil nutrient content,consolidate soil NO₃^--N and NH₄⁺-N,enhance soil enzyme activity,affect soil micro-environment,and finally realize crop yield production.It can be recommended as the optimal fertilization mode.