Effects Of Orchiectomy And Testosterone Supplementation On The Intestinal Flora Of Psora Agrarius And Mic

The host gut microbiota are not only affected by environmental factors,but also by its own genetic background and genotype,so the gut microbiota may differ between species.The gut microbiota and the host reproductive organs and sex hormones can regulate the physiology of the host and adaptability.In this study,the testis of Siberian hamster(Phodopus sungorus)and ICR mice were removed or supplemented with testosterone.Consequently,the structure and composition of the caecum gut microbiota in these two species were analyzed by by high-throughput sequencing method.The main results are as follows:1.44 cecal samples of hamster,7335 ASVs were detected,13 phyla,22 classes,36 orders,73 families,128 genera and 124 species were all annotated.The dominant phyla are Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes,the dominant classes are Bacilli and Clostridia,the dominant orders are Lactobacillales and Clostridiales,the dominant families are Lactobacillaceae and Lachnospiraceae,the dominant genus is Lactobacillus.2.42 cecal samples of mouse,2331 ASVs were detected,10 phyla,17 classes,29 orders,55 families,105 genera and 92 species were all annotated.The dominant phyla are Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes,the dominant classes are Bacilli and Bacteroidia,the dominant orders are Lactobacillales and Bacteroidales,the dominant families are Lactobacillaceae and Porphyromonadaceae,the dominant genus is Lactobacillus.3.Significant species differences between the gut microbiota of hamster and mice.At phylum level,the relative abundance of Firmicutes,Candidatus Saccharibacteria and Spirochaetes was significantly higher in hamster than mice.The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Deferribacteres was significantly higher in mice than hamster.The α diversity and β diversity of the gut microbiota of hamster and mice have significant species differences.Principal coordinate analysis and Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis showed that the differences in the community structure of both gut microbiota.Both KEGG function pathways also have significant species differences.4.Sham removal and control supplementation in hamster group contained 3247 ASVs,which were annotated to 12 phyla,19 classes,27 orders,49 families,81 genera,and 72 species;Sham removal and testosterone supplementation in hamster group contained 3331 ASVs,which were annotated to 12 phyla,20 classes,30 orders,54 families,95 genera,and 82 species;Testis removed and control supplementation in hamster group contained 2978 ASVs,which were annotated to 12 phyla,19 classes,28 orders,58 families,101 genera,and 79 species;Testis removed and testosterone supplementation in hamster group contained 2899 ASVs,which were annotated to 13 phyla,21 classes,34 orders,63 families,107 genera,and 77 species.It was found that testis removed reduced the richness of gut microbiota in hamster,increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria,reduced the relative abundance of Deferribacteres,and significantly enriched the Valine,leucine and isoleucine degradation pathways.Testosterone supplementation did not affect the composition of the gut microbiota in hamster,increased the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia,and significantly enriched the Shigellosis pathways.5.Sham removal and control supplementation in mice group contained 1213 ASVs,which were annotated to 10 phyla,16 classes,24 orders,46 families,85 genera,and 70 species;Sham removal and testosterone supplementation in mice group contained 1137 ASVs,which were annotated to 10 phyla,15 classes,22 orders,44 families,89 genera,and 64 species;Testis removed and control supplementation in mice group contained 997 ASVs,which were annotated to 10 phyla,16 classes,23 orders,36 families,76 genera,and 67 species;Testis removed and testosterone supplementation in mice group contained 1228 ASVs,which were annotated to 9phyla,15 classes,23 orders,45 families,90 genera,and 70 species.It was found that testis removed affects the community structure of gut microbiota in mice,reduced the relative abundance of Actinobacteria,and significantly enriched the Epithelial cell signaling in Helicobacter pylori infection pathways.Testosterone supplementation did not affect the composition of the gut microbiota in mice,increased the relative abundance of Clostridium IV and Lactococcus,and significantly enriched the Atrazine degradation pathways.6.The structure of gut microbiota in hamster and mice was correlated with hormones,immunity,blood and behavior.The testosterone level was positively correlated with the relative abundance of Clostridia;Bacterial killing capacity was negatively associated with Fusobacteria;Cellular immunity was positively associated with Spirochaetes,Candidatus Saccharibacteria,Tenericutes,Firmicutes,Synergistetes,negatively associated with Bacteroidetes and Deferribacteres;Ig G 5(immunoglobulin G)levels were positively associated with Erysipelotrichia in humoral immunity,Ig G 10 levels were positively correlated with Alphaproteobacteria and Opitutae;A positive correlation between lymphocyte and the Spirochaetes;A positive correlation between platelet and Actinobacteria;Red blood cell was positively correlated with Spirochaetes,a negative correlation with Bacteroidetes;Exploring behavior correlated indicators with gut microbiota.In conclusion,the gut microbiota of hamster and mice showed significant species differences,testis removed reduces the richness of gut microbiota in hamster,testis removed affects the community structure of gut microbiota in mice,testosterone supplementation did not affect the gut microbiota of hamster and mice,and the gut microbiota was correlated with physiological indicators.