| Purpose: To summarize the etiology,therapeutic principles and treatment,core compatibility of oral and external prescriptions for acne in the Ming and Qing dynasties,and to explain the TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment of "Li-Fa-Fang-Yao" as a whole,so as to further improve the theoretical system of modern TCM in the treatment of acne,as well as provide new ideas and new medication for clinical research.Methods: By searching the relevant literatures containing keywords such as "" melioidosis"," subsequent "," blister sore "," flour residue "," flour water "," lung wind poison "," acne ","valley sore "," wind thorn "and" acne "in the Ming and Qing dynasties(AD 1368-AD 1911)in the database electronic series" Chinese Medical Dictionary ",based on the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria of this study,the literatures that met the criteria were further selected,Excel table was established to preprocess and standardize the data,and the prescription data that met this study were imported into the medical record database of the traditional Chinese medicine inheritance auxiliary platform.The modules such as" frequency statistics ","association rule analysis "," cluster analysis "and" complex network analysis "in the database were used to analyze and summarize the overall medication rules and academic thoughts of acne treatment in Ming and Qing dynastiesResults:In this study,271 prescriptions for acne treatment that met the criteria were finally included by search and screening,including 85 oral prescriptions and 186 external prescriptions.1.In this study,attention was paid to the influence of internal causes in the Ming and Qing dynasties.The internal causes are mainly lung heat,dampness and heat,and blood-heat;the external causes are mainly wind,heat,cold,dampness,and toxic pathogens.2.In this study,160 herbs were involved in the oral formula.The total frequency of the herbs used appeared 716 times.The top 7 high-frequency drugs were Fangfeng 29 times,Glycyrrhiza uralensis 28 times,Gardenia jasminoides 24 times,Scutellaria baicalensis 24 times,Chuanxiong 18 times,Sophora flavescens 18 times,and Radix Angelicae dahuricae 18 times.The top 6 efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine were mainly clearing away heat(166 times),relieving exterior symptoms(138 times),tonifying deficiency(103 times),eliminating phlegm,relieving cough and relieving asthma(40 times),promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis(31 times),and regulating qi(29 times).By analyzing the nature,taste,and meridians of internal medicine,it can be seen that cold and warm drugs were widely used in the medicinal properties of physicians in the Ming and Qing dynasties;bitter,pungent,and sweet drugs were widely used in the medicinal taste;and drugs were mostly attributed to the lung,spleen,and stomach meridians.There were 10 groups of common drug pairs with a frequency of use ≥ 12,which were: licorice – gardenia;angelica –chuanxiong,gardenia – forsythia;licorice – scutellaria,licorice – angelica,and scutellaria – gardenia;scutellaria – forsythia;wind – scutellaria,licorice – coptis;and wind – aurantium.3.In this study,236 herbs were involved in the external formula.The overall frequency of drug use was 921.The top 10 high-frequency drugs were Radix Angelicae Dahuricae 38 times,Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata 32 times,Radix Baihe 25 times,Radix Saponariae 24 times,Radix Ampelopsis 23 times,lead powder 23 times,bitter almond 23 times,Poria cocos 19times,light powder 18 times,and sulfur 18 times.The top 6 efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine were mainly relieving exterior symptoms(113 times),clearing away heat(82 times),tonifying deficiency(64 times),eliminating phlegm,relieving cough and relieving asthma(52times),purging(47 times),and challenging insecticidal and antipruritic(36 times).By analyzing the nature,taste,and meridians of external drugs,it can be seen that warm,cold,and flat drugs were widely used in the medicinal properties of physicians in the Ming and Qing dynasties;pungent,sweet,and bitter drugs were widely used in the medicinal taste;and drugs mostly returned to the stomach,lung,spleen,and liver meridians.There were 7 groups of common drug pairs with a frequency of use ≥ 14,which were: Radix Angelicae Dahuricae – Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata;Radix Angelicae Dahuricae – Rhizoma Chuanxiong;Radix Baihe – Radix Paeoniae Alba;Radix Angelicae Dahuricae – Radix Baihe;Radix Angelicae Dahuricae – Radix Fangfeng.4.In this study,about topical drug toxicity.There were 193 non-toxic herbs and 43 toxic herbs.Toxic drugs accounted for 18.22% of the total drugs.They were 2(0.85%)with large poison;31(13.13%)with poison;and 10(4.24%)with small poison.5.In the selection of external prescription matrix,it was found that pig fat ointment had the highest frequency of use,16 times,accounting for 14.41%.Secondly,chicken white 15 times,accounting for 13.51%;honey and milk equivalent,11 times,accounting for 9.9%.Conclusion:1.As far as the etiology is concerned,physicians in the Ming and Qing dynasties recognized the importance of internal cause of disease.This paper puts forward the hybrid pathogenesis of external evil "wind,heat,cold,dampness,toxic evil" and its own "lung heat","dampness and heat","blood-heat" and other internal evil.2.In the principle and treatment,the internal treatment is mainly to clear away heat and dampness,soothe the wind to relieve exterior symptoms,and the external treatment is to soothe wind and clear heat,challenge and eliminate sores.3.From the perspective of internal treatment prescriptions,internal medicine is mainly based on heat-clearing drugs(such as Gardenia jasminoides,Scutellaria baicalensis,Sophora flavescens,etc.),supplemented by antidote drugs(such as Fangfeng,Radix Angelicae Dahuricae,etc.)to treat acne.At the same time,licorice was used to reconcile the various drugs.4.Internal medicine taste return to the meridian,with bitter cold and Xin Wen in parallel,to achieve expelling evil does not hurt the positive,fix the spleen and stomach.Attending from the lung,spleen,stomach meridian treatment.5.From the perspective of external treatment prescriptions,external drugs are mainly used to treat acne with antidotes,supplemented by heat-clearing drugs,and the use of challenged insecticidal and antipruritic mineral drugs is a major distinctive feature of external drugs.6.Toxicity grades of topical drugs can be divided into toxic(highly toxic,toxic,and minimally toxic)and non-toxic.Among them,non-toxic drugs were the most used,followed by toxic.7.In the selection of excipients.Doctors in the Ming and Qing dynasties used animal oils(pig fat ointment),followed by chicken white,milk(human milk,milk,goat milk),honey and other flesh and blood affectionate things. |
