| Objectives:The degree of aging in China is continuously aggravating,and the health status of rural old people has become a problem that can not be ignored.Social capital and loneliness have been shown to influence health promoting behaviors.This study was aimed to understand the current situation of social capital,loneliness and health promoting behaviors of the elderly in rural areas of Ningxia,analyze the differences of social capital,loneliness and health promoting behaviors in different demographic characteristics.Then discuss the relationship among social capital,loneliness and health promoting behaviors.This study attempted to put forward targeted suggestions to provide reference for improving the level of health promoting behavior of the elderly in rural areas of Ningxia.Methods: By using random sampling,a total of 450 people aged 60 years and above from9 villages in Shizuishan,Ningxia were surveyed by questionnaire from February to July 2022.The questionnaires included the General Information Questionnaire,16-item Personal Social Capital Scale,ULS-8 Loneliness Scale and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile-Ⅱ.SPSS23.0 was used to analyze the questionnaire.Descriptive test,independent sample t-test,one-way analysis of variance,Pearson correlation analysis,multiple linear regression analysis and other methods were used to analyze the data.Results:(1)The total score of social capital of rural elderly in Ningxia was(18.88±5.39).The score of loneliness was(19.03±3.98).The total score of health promoting behavior was(117.55±13.95).(2)There were significant differences in the total score of social capital and the score of bonding social capital among the rural elderly in Ningxia in different age,ethnic group,marital status,living type,education level and annual family income.The differences of bridging social capital in different age,marital status,living type,education level and family annual income were statistically significant.There were significant differences in loneliness in different age,ethnic group,marital status,living type,education level and annual family income.Health promotion behavior score and nutrition,exercise,health management,self-realization dimension scores in different age,ethnic group,marital status,living,culture degree and family income differences was statistically significant,.The pressure dimension in different age,gender,culture degree and family income differences was statistically significant.There were significant differences in interpersonal relationship dimension in different age,gender,marital status,living type,education level and family annual income.(3)Social capital is positively correlated with health promoting behavior and has a positive predictive effect on health promoting behavior.Loneliness is negatively correlated with health promoting behavior and has a negative predictive effect on health promoting behavior.Social capital is negatively correlated with loneliness and has a negative predictive effect on loneliness.The mediating effect which through loneliness of social capital on health promoting behavior was0.29,the Bootstrap confidence interval was [0.20,0.37],and the mediating effect accounted for45.31% of the total effect.Conclusion:(1)The social capital status of the elderly in rural areas of Ningxia is generally poor,the degree of loneliness is high and the level of health promoting behaviors is not high.(2)Elderly people with advanced age,no spouse,living alone,low education level and low annual household income in Ningxia rural areas have poor social capital status,they also have high degree of loneliness and low level of health promoting behaviors.(3)Loneliness has a mediating effect between social capital and health promoting behaviors,that is,social capital can directly affect health promoting behaviors,but also indirectly affect health promoting behaviors through loneliness.Suggestions:(1)Strengthen health education for the elderly in rural areas;(2)Improve the health management ability of the rural elderly;(3)Improve the level of medical and health services in rural areas of Ningxia;(4)Broaden the social resource network of the elderly in rural Ningxia. |
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