The Effect Of Attention Allocation Ability On The Biomechanical Risk Of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury During Jumping And Landin

Background and purpose:Non-contact ACL injury in sports is one of the common and serious lower extremity sports injuries,and it is important to improve the understanding of the mechanism of sports ACL injury and enhance the ability to study and judge the risk of injury.There are characteristics of variability and complexity in the actual movement scene,and the athlete needs to perceive and process external information at any time to adjust the movement strategy in a timely manner,and this scenario of performing multiple tasks at the same time requires flexible conversion and distribution of attention.Poor allocation of attention resources due to poor attention may directly affect the body’s ability to control motor movements.The body’s motor performance is closely related to the mechanical load of joints during exercise,and the influence of attention distribution on motor control suggests that it is a possible risk of motor ACL injury that cannot be ignored.However,there is a considerable lack of relevant research.In this study,male college students who love basketball were the research object,the kinematics,kinetics and myoelectric parameters of different attention distribution ability were observed and compared when jumping and landing movements,and the influence of attention distribution ability on the biomechanical performance of lower limbs during exercise was analyzed.Methods:In this study,80 male college students who love basketball were recruited to test their attention sharing ability,sorted according to the amount of attention distribution obtained by the test,and selected the first 15%of subjects as the high attention allocation group（G₁ group,n=12）,and the last 15%of subjects as the low attention allocation ability group（G₂ group,n=12）.Synchronous acquisition of kinematic,kinetic,and surface myoelectric data of the lower extremities during the jump and landing using the Qualisys infrared motion capture system,the Kistler 3D force table,and the Noraxon Surface EMG tester.Univariate repeated measure ANOVA was used to compare the intragroup differences of lower limb biomechanical parameters of subjects with the same attention allocation ability under different task conditions,and the independent sample t-test was used to compare the differences between groups of lower limb biomechanical parameters of different attention allocation ability subjects under the same task conditions,and the significance level was set to P<0.05.Results:1.Comparison of Kinematic Parameters of Lower Extremity Joints（1）The moment of initial contactIntra-group comparison:Compared with the jumping landing task without additional attention in the G₁ group,the hip flexion angle(P_vision=0.000;P_visual-audio=0.000)and knee flexion angle(P_vision=0.005;P_visual-audio=0.000)were significantly reduced when completing visual tracking and audiovisual joint tasks.Compared with the jumping landing under the condition of visual tracking task,the hip flexion angle（P=0.000）and knee flexion angle（P=0.027）were significantly reduced when completing the audiovisual joint task.Compared with the jumping landing task without additional attention in the G₂group,the hip flexion angle(P_vision=0.000;P_visual-audio=0.000)and knee flexion angle(P_vision=0.013;P_visual-audio=0.000)were significantly reduced when completing the visual tracking and audiovisual joint tasks(P_visual-audio=0.013).Compared with the jump landing under the visual tracking task conditions,the knee flexion angle（P=0.010）was significantly reduced when completing the audiovisual joint task.Inter-group comparison:When the visual tracking task was completed,the hip flexion angle（P=0.033）in the G₁ group was significantly larger than that in the G₂group.（2）Peak moment of v GRFIntra-group comparison:Compared with the jumping landing task without additional attention in the G₁ group,the hip flexion angle(P_vision=0.000;P_visual-audio=0.000)and knee flexion angle(P_vision=0.013;P_visual-audio=0.019)were significantly reduced when visual tracking and audiovisual joint tasks were completed,and the hip abduction angle(P_vision=0.003;P_visual-audio=0.026)was significantly increased.Compared with the jump landing under the condition of visual tracking task,the hip flexion angle（P=0.014）was significantly reduced when completing the audiovisual joint task.Compared with the jumping landing task without additional attention in the G₂group,the hip flexion angle(P_vision=0.000;P_visual-audio=0.000)and knee flexion angle(P_vision=0.001;P_visual-audio=0.000)were significantly reduced when completing the visual tracking audiovisual joint task.Compared with the jump landing under the condition of visual tracking task,the knee flexion angle（P=0.013）was significantly reduced when completing the audiovisual joint task.Inter-group comparison:There were no significant differences in the angles of hip,knee and ankle joints in each plane under the same attention requirement task in the G₁ and G₂ groups.2.Comparison of dynamic parameters of lower extremity joints（1）The moment of initial contactIntra-group comparison:There was no significant difference in the moment of hip,knee and ankle joints in each plane when completing different attention needs tasks in the G₁ group.Compared with jumping and landing without additional attention in the G₂group,the knee flexion moment（P=0.035）was significantly reduced when completing the audiovisual joint task.Compared with the jump landing under the condition of visual tracking task,the knee flexion torque（P=0.001）is significantly reduced when completing the audiovisual joint task.Inter-group comparison:There were no significant differences in the torques of hip,knee and ankle joints in each plane under the same attention demand task in the G₁and G₂ groups.（2）Peak moment of v GRFIntra-group comparison:There were no significant differences in the torques of hip,knee and ankle joints in various planes when completing different attention demand tasks in the G₁ and G₂ groups.Inter-group comparison:There were no significant differences in the torques of the hip,knee and ankle joints in each plane under the same attention task in the G₁ and G₂ groups.3.Comparison of lower extremity muscle activation（1）100ms before the moment of initial contactIntra-group comparison:Compared with the jumping landing task without additional attention requirement in the G₁ group,the muscle activation degree of the quadriceps muscle(P_vision=0.018;P_visual-audio=0.000)and hamstring muscle(P _vision=0.030;P_visual-audio=0.000)were significantly increased when completing the visual tracking and audiovisual joint tasks,and the muscle activation degree of the tibial anterior muscle(P_visual-audio=0.009)was significantly increased.Compared with the visual tracking task,the activation degree of quadriceps（P=0.009）and hamstring（P=0.003）muscles was significantly increased when completing the audiovisual joint task.Compared with the jumping landing task without additional attention in the G₂group,the degree of muscle activation of the quadriceps muscles(P_vision=0.003;P_visual-audio=0.000),hamstring(P_vision=0.030;P_visual-audio=0.000)and tibial anterior muscle(P_vision=0.013;P_visual-audio=0.000)was significantly increased when completing visual tracking and audiovisual joint tasks.Compared with the visual tracking task,the activation degree of quadriceps（P=0.002）,hamstring（P=0.009）and tibial anterior muscles（P=0.030）muscles was significantly increased when completing the audiovisual joint task.Inter-group comparison:When the jumping landing action of the same attention demand was completed,the muscle activation degree of the quadriceps muscles(P _jump=0.042),hamstring muscles(P_vision=0.031;P_visual-audio=0.048),and tibial anterior muscles(P_jump=0.016)in the G₁ group was significantly greater than that of the G₂group.（2）100ms after the moment of initial contactIntra-group comparison:Compared with the jumping landing task without additional attention required in the G₁ group,the degree of muscle activation of the quadriceps muscles(P_vision=0.030;P_visual-audio=0.010)was significantly increased when completing visual tracking and audiovisual joint tasks.Compared with the jumping and landing tasks without additional attention in the G₂ group,the degree of muscle activation of the quadriceps muscles(P_vision=0.005;P _visual-audio=0.000)was significantly increased when completing the visual tracking and audiovisual joint tasks,and the muscle activation degree of the tibial anterior muscle(P_visual-audio=0.028)was significantly increased.Inter-group comparison:When completing the jumping landing action of the same attention demand,the degree of muscle activation of the hamstring muscles(P _vision=0.009;P_visual-audio=0.003)and tibial anterior muscles(P_jump=0.020;P_vision=0.002;P_visual-audio=0.007)in the G₁ group was significantly greater than that of the G₂ group.Conclusions:（1）When male college students who use basketball as their hobby perform jumping and landing movements,different attention demand tasks affect the biomechanical performance of lower limb movement.As the difficulty of the attention distribution task increased,the two groups showed a smaller hip and knee flexion angle when jumping to the ground,and higher quadriceps muscle and tibial anterior muscle activation,which led to an increased risk of non-contact ACL injury.（2）Compared with those with high attention distribution ability,low attention distribution ability has a lower degree of skeletal muscle activation when performing jumping and landing movements,especially under a variety of attention demand conditions,and is accompanied by kinematic parameter changes such as reduced hip flexion angle at the time of touch,which indicates that athletes with poor attention distribution may have a higher risk of injury from non-contact ACL,especially when attention demand increases.