| Objective:Investigate the general situation,level of hope,and understanding of social support of elderly people who have lost their spouses in elderly care institutions,analyze the influencing factors of hope level and understanding of social support of elderly people who have lost their spouses in elderly care institutions,explore the correlation between hope level and understanding of social support of elderly people who have lost their spouses in elderly care institutions,and seek methods and approaches from the perspective of understanding social support,in order to improve and enhance the hope level of elderly people who have lost their spouses in elderly care institutions,In order to improve their quality of life.Methods:This study used convenience sampling method and selected 228 widowed elderly people who met the inclusion criteria in elderly care institutions in Liaoning Province from June 2022 to December 2022 as the research subjects.They were surveyed using the General Information Questionnaire,Herth Hope Scale(HHI),and Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS).Using Excel software,double check and input the collected data;SPSS 26.0 statistical software was used to statistically analyze the data:mean,standard deviation and percentage were used to describe the social demography characteristics and other factors,hope level and perceived social support ability of the widowed elderly in elderly care institutions;t-test and ANOVA were used to compare the difference between hope level and perceived social support under different social demography characteristics and other factors,Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between the level of hope and the understanding of social support among elderly widows in elderly care institutions.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the main influencing factors of hope level among elderly widows in elderly care institutions.Results:1.The average score of understanding social support for widowed elderly people in elderly care institutions is(52.11 ± 5.94),which is at a moderate level;Among them,the proportion of people with low level understanding of social support is 1.40%,the proportion of people with medium level understanding of social support is 90.80%,and the proportion of people with high level understanding of social support is 7.80%;The average scores of the three dimensions,from high to low,are: family support(20.45 ± 2.58),others support(16.59 ± 2.69),and friends support(15.07 ± 2.34).2.The average score of hope level for widowed elderly people in elderly care institutions is(31.73 ± 3.31),which is at a moderate level;Among them,the proportion of people with low hope level is 1.80%,the proportion of people with medium hope level is 90.80%,and the proportion of people with high hope level is7.30%;The average scores of the three dimensions,from high to low,are: taking positive actions(11.24 ± 1.15),positive attitudes towards reality and the future(10.41± 1.36),and maintaining close relationships with others(10.05 ± 1.52).3.The results of one-way ANOVA showed that the level of hope and perceived social support of elderly widows in elderly care institutions were statistically significant in terms of age,educational level,time of widowhood,number of children,frequency of child visits,main occupations before retirement,main sources of income,retirement pension,number of chronic diseases,and frequency of participation in entertainment activities(P<0.05).4.The univariate analysis results of the three dimensions of hope level for elderly widows in elderly care institutions show that different age,education level,time of widowhood,number of children,frequency of child visits,main occupations before retirement,main sources of income,retirement pension,number of chronic diseases,and frequency of participation in entertainment activities have positive attitudes towards reality and the future There was statistical significance in taking positive actions and maintaining close relationships with others(P<0.05).5.The Pearson correlation analysis results show that there is a positive correlation between the total score of perceived social support and the scores of various dimensions for widowed elderly people in elderly care institutions,as well as the total score of hope level and the scores of all dimensions(P<0.01).6.The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the regression equation for the hope level of widowed elderly people in elderly care institutions included 10 variables: educational level,time of widowhood,number of children,frequency of child visits,main sources of income,number of chronic diseases,frequency of participation in entertainment activities,payment methods of medical expenses,evaluation of elderly care institutions,and understanding of social support,with statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusions:1.The hope level and understanding of social support of widowed elderly people in elderly care institutions are at a moderate level.2.There is a significant positive correlation between the hope level of widowed elderly people in elderly care institutions and their understanding of social support,that is,the higher the ability to comprehend social support,the higher their hope level.3.Education level,time of widowhood,number of children,frequency of child visits,main sources of income,number of chronic diseases,frequency of participation in entertainment activities,payment methods for medical expenses,evaluation of elderly care institutions,and understanding of social support are the main influencing factors on the hope level of elderly widowed people in elderly care institutions. |
