The Dilemma Of Parliamentary System In China From The Fate Of The First National Congress In The Republic Of China

The establishment of the first National Congress of the Republic of China is one of the major innovations of The Chinese constitutional system after the Revolution of 1911,and the first real attempt of bourgeois parliamentary democracy in China.The first national Congress of the Republic of China is the epitome of the modern Chinese parliamentary system,and its failure reflects the tortuous development of modern Chinese parliamentary system.In addition to the introduction and conclusion,this paper is divided into three parts.The first part is the development course of the first National Congress of the Republic of China.The fate of the first National Congress of the Republic of China was rough and short-lived.Since its establishment,the first National Congress of the Republic of China has gone through four stages of paralysis,dissolution,restoration and re-dissolution until it died out.The second part,the difficulties encountered by the first Congress of the Republic of China.First,the first National Congress of the Republic of China encountered conflict between the Government and the Congress.While the revolutionaries did not change their revolutionary thought,the Beiyang government acted dictatorially,and then there was a lack of political consultation and compromise spirit between the Congress and the government.All kinds of things resulting in a dispute between the Government and the Congress.Second,the first National Congress of the Republic of China encountered a conflict between ideal and reality.The parties designed the first Congress based on the principle of separation of powers and checks and balances.But the operation of the Congress deviated from the track due to the interest game in essence,resulting in the lack of functions and low operation efficiency of the Congress.Third,the first Congress of the Republic of China encountered the conflict between republicanism and absolutism.The awakening and development of republican consciousness in the early Republic of China promoted the successful establishment and restoration of the first National Congress.But the survival and counterattack of autocratic thought caused the second dissolution of the first Congress.The struggle between republicanism and despotism shaped the fate of the first Congress.The third part,the thinking caused by the first National Congress of the Republic of China.First,the first Congress achieved limited success in difficult circumstances.It accelerated the modernization of China’s political progress,promoted the modernization of modern Chinese legal system and facilitated the spread of democratic and republican ideas and new social consciousness.Second,lessons from the first Congress’ s response to adversity.We should learn to compromise in politics,interpret the operation mode of parliament Correctly and develop rational party politics,cultivate mature civic culture and expand citizens’ political participation.Third,the extinction of parliamentary system in China is a soil problem rather than a system problem.The influence factors absent of the spirit tradition of political consultation and compromise,the value idea of parliamentary system and the constitutional culture tradition.