| With the rapid development of urbanization in my country,the level of motorization has been continuously improved,and the urban space has expanded rapidly.And under the combined effect of institutional and structural factors such as the marketization of urban land,the marketization of urban housing,and the reform of the unit system,urban space has undergone transformation and reconstruction.The shift from "balance of living and living" to "separation of work and living".The phenomenon of "separation of work and housing" has led to increasingly prominent problems such as long-distance commuting of urban residents and the rapid increase in the number of cars,traffic congestion on urban roads and the decline in quality of life.In addition,due to the differences in the socioeconomic attributes of commuters and the combined influence of factors such as urban spatial structure and built environment,commuters have different choices of living and employment space,thus forming an intricate urban commuter flow.The mismatch between urban residents’ commuting behavior and urban space configuration has become an important topic in the field of urban transportation and planning.How to optimize the urban spatial structure and built environment according to China’s national conditions,guide residents to green travel and shortdistance commuting,reduce urban traffic congestion,and improve residents’ quality of life has become one of the urgent problems to be solved in the sustainable development of Chinese cities and transportation.There are abundant literatures at home and abroad on the relationship between urban built environment and commuting behavior,but there are still the following shortcomings.First,the existing research mostly focuses on the unilateral effect of the built environment of work or residence on commuting behavior,and there are few studies that comprehensively consider the interaction of the built environment of work and residence.Second,existing studies of the built environment affecting commuting behavior under-considered differences across income groups.Third,there is insufficient exploration of the action path and potential mechanism of the built environment affecting commuting behavior,lack of estimation of the mediating effect of employment accessibility,and insufficient consideration of the endogenous relationship between the variables of commuting behavior.Finally,the existing research mainly takes cities in developed western countries as empirical regions,and is based on the Chinese context,especially the case empirical research of cities in western China is insufficient.Given that the characteristics of China’s urban built environment are quite different from those of developed countries,it is difficult for foreign research results to be directly applied to guide China’s practice.Therefore,this study takes Xi’an as an example,and analyzes the differences in the impact of the built environment of work and housing on the commuting behavior of different income groups based on the questionnaire data of the "Survey on the Perception and Travel of Residents of the Built Environment in Xi’an" in 2021.First,the characteristics and differences of employment accessibility and commuting behavior of different income groups in the city are analyzed.Second,after controlling for individual socioeconomic attributes and living/travel preferences,a crossclassification multi-layer model was used to consider the interaction effects of the built environment of work and housing on commuting behavior,and to explore the main factors of the built environment of work and housing affecting the commuting behavior of different income groups..Finally,structural equation modeling is used to analyze the mediating effect of employment accessibility/commuting distance in the paths that the built environment of work and housing affects the commuting behavior of different income groups.The study found:(1)There are significant differences in the characteristics of employment accessibility and commuting behavior based on space and different income groups.From a spatial point of view,employment accessibility presents a complex structure of multi-center and strip-like distribution along the subway commuter corridor.Compared with the suburbs,residents living in inner cities have higher employment accessibility,shorter commute distances and commute times,and are more likely to commute by slow and public transportation.From the perspective of different income groups,compared with low-income groups,middle-and high-income groups have higher employment accessibility and shorter commuting distance and commute time.The commuting mode of low-income groups is mainly public transportation,and the commuting methods of middle-and high-income groups are mainly slow traffic and car commuting.For middle-and high-income groups,there is no significant difference in commuting behavior whether they live in inner cities or suburbs,but the commuting behavior of low-income groups has significant spatial heterogeneity.(2)The influence factors of the built environment of work and housing on the commuting behavior of different income groups are different.After comprehensively considering the interactive effects of the built environment of work and residence,the population density,road network density,distance to the city center,land use mix,density of bus stops,and the number of parking spaces within 500 meters near the work and residence in the built environment of work and residence will all be affected.Commuting patterns and commute times affecting different income groups.For different income groups,the choice of commuting mode for low-income groups is easily affected by the density of bus stops near the workplace and the distance from the workplace to the nearest subway station.sexual influence.The commute pattern and commute time of middle-and high-income groups will be affected by the number of parking spaces near work and residence.(3)Employment accessibility has a significant mediating effect on the impact of built environment on commuting behavior of different income groups.And among the commuting behavior variables,commuting distance and commuting mode have an interactive endogenous relationship with commuting time.At the same time,the influence paths of intermediary on commuting behavior of different income groups are different.And after considering employment accessibility,commuting distance,and commuting mode intermediary,there are still job-residential bus station density,parking spaces within 500 meters,road network density,population density,and workplace land use mix.and commute times have a direct impact.The conclusions of this study are conducive to further understanding the relationship between the urban built environment and residents’ commuting behavior in China,and provide certain policy-making suggestions and enlightenment for urban planners to improve the commuting behavior of urban residents by optimizing the built environment around work and residence.In the context of sustainable development,the mixed degree of land use can be improved in the process of urban construction,and a road environment suitable for green travel can be created,which can help reduce the use of cars from the commuting level.At the same time,in the planning process,attention should be paid to the development of the urban multi-center spatial structure to reduce the long-distance commuting behavior of low-income groups.Finally,public transport accessibility should also be improved to increase green commuting for residents and protect the commuting needs of low-income groups. |
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