The Historical Logic Of Civil Society And Its Contemporary Significance From The Perspective Of Historical Materialism

"Civil society" is a core concept of Marxist philosophy.It is precisely because of the materialistic reversal of the relationship between the state and civil society and the completion of the political and economic anatomy of civil society that Marx realized great changes in the history of philosophy.In Marx’s opinion,the concept of "civil society" is used in many similar but not identical meanings,such as "restricted by productivity in all historical stages so far,and in turn restricted the communication form of productivity","always marking the social organization developed directly from production and communication" "In all times,it constitutes the foundation of the state and the superstructure of any other concept",and so on.Generally speaking,in the context of Marx’s theory,the term "civil society" has two main meanings:in a broad sense,"civil society" refers to the economic system in various historical periods of social development,that is,the sum of the material relations that determine the political system and ideology;In a narrow sense,"civil society" refers to the material relationship formed with the emergence of modern society.The specific carrier of this material relationship is the social organization composed of real individuals in the pursuit of private interests through general exchange(mainly refers to the bourgeois social organization in the context of western theory).The research and discussion of"civil society" in this paper is carried out in the latter meaning.For a long time,the academic community’s grasp of civil society has taken many forms,and has achieved fruitful results in combing the conceptual history of civil society,the general analysis of the functions of civil society,the interpretation of Marx’s relevant texts on civil society,and the development and evolution of Marx’s civil society theory.However,it is not difficult for us to find that in the above research,there is always a tendency to despise the detailed research on the development process and internal logic of the real civil society.In fact,the real development of civil society just constitutes the real basis of the above theoretical research.Therefore,if we put aside the actual development of civil society and its internal logic and only discuss the relevant concepts,relevant texts,or just discuss the general civil society or the general civil society,our theoretical research is likely to be divided into dogmatism contrary to historical materialism,and then these studies can be applied to the insight into the new changes of contemporary global bourgeois society The guiding significance of social governance practice in contemporary China will be greatly reduced.Therefore,we urgently need to return to historical materialism to grasp the basic way of civil society,change from abstract grasp and general grasp to historical grasp,and go deep into each specific stage of capitalist historical development to deeply grasp the historical logic of civil society.By grasping the historical development of civil society with historical materialism,we can find that in the development process of capitalism,the original accumulation stage of capital,the stage of free competition capitalism,the stage of classical monopoly capitalism(identified by Lenin)and the stage of late capitalism correspond to the breeding,formation,transformation and new changes of civil society respectively.The internal thread running through the development process of civil society is the evolution of capital leading form,which is the inevitable result of capital innovation.The nature of capital lies in value proliferation.In the face of the changing value proliferation environment in history,capital must adjust the dominant accumulation mode through continuous innovation,so as to promote the evolution of the dominant form of capital.The evolution of the dominant form of capital from "commercial capital-industrial capital-financial capital-virtual capital" has given birth to the development and changes of the structure,function and form of civil society,and determines that the development of civil society must show a "parabolic" historical track from "formationDevelopment-rise-decline-extinction".Among them,the development of human subjectivity and the development of social publicity must show the opposite U-shaped historical track.The final result of the evolution of civil society in the sense of modernity is "human society" or "social human".Among them,the final direction of human subjectivity development is "individual person" or "human free and all-round development",and the future trend of social publicity development is the free publicity of "true community".Therefore,the core of this paper is to explore the development process of civil society from the perspective of historical materialism and clarify the historical logic of civil society by studying the development process of civil society.It is of great theoretical and practical significance to profoundly reveal the historical development and internal logic of civil society with historical materialism.This significance is mainly manifested as follows:firstly,the research on Marx’s civil society theory is comprehensive and pluralistic.The research on the historical logic of civil society from the perspective of historical materialism is helpful to comprehensively understand and present the methodological principles of Marx’s civil society theory;Secondly,foreign civil society theory resources are very rich.Through this research,we can better critically examine the ideological resources of foreign civil society theory on the basis of historical materialism;Thirdly,the reasons for the emergence and development of global civil society can be attributed to the development of capital logic and the evolution of capital leading form.Although the contemporary Chinese society holding high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics is different from the civil society in the context of western theory,that is,China is taking the modernization road of controlling and guiding capital logic,through this research,we can better understand the complex characteristics of contemporary Chinese society;Finally,at present,China is committed to building a social governance pattern of co construction,CO governance and sharing.This research also has important theoretical enlightenment for us to deeply grasp the internal dilemma of the social governance scheme based on the principle of capital and the great significance of the"China scheme" of social governance.