Archaeological Study On Qing Blue And White Porcelain Produced By Jingdezhen Civil Kiln Between The Reigns Of Jiaqing And Xuantong

The investigation of the kiln sites of the Qing Dynasty Jingdezhen folk kiln began in the1980 s.Since the 21st century,a series of archaeological excavation activities have been carried out.With the deepening understanding of the academic community of the Jingdezhen folk kiln during the Qing Dynasty,scholars at home and abroad have focused on the research of export porcelain from the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties to the Kangxi-Qianlong period.There is less research on the Qinghua porcelain of the Jingdezhen folk kiln from the Jiaqing to Xuanwu period.In recent years,the active excavation work carried out by relevant units in some parts of the town area has constantly enriched the research materials,and understanding of the ceramic industry of Jingdezhen in the Qing Dynasty has entered a new stage.The research materials of this paper come from kiln sites,tombs,cellars,ruins,sunken ships and museum collections.The research methods of typology,image analysis and historical literature records are mainly used to try to clarify the relevant issues of the shape,decoration,entertainment and staging of the blue and white porcelain from Jiaqing to Xuantong Jingdezhen folk kilns.A total of 15 types of vessel forms are identified and sorted into categories of dish,bowl,Cover Bowl,cup,saucer,cup,spoon,cover box,Candlestick,lamp plate,jar,jug,bottle,bean,and incense burner.Five types of decorative patterns are identified and sorted into categories of plant and flower patterns,figure patterns,animal patterns,and other patterns.Through the chronological comparison of unearthed and dated materials,the Qinghua porcelain of the Jingdezhen folk kiln from the Jiaqing to Xuanwu period is divided into three periods: the first period being Jiaqing-Daoguang,with many forms and decorative patterns continuing from the Qianlong period,with some export products,with a popular pattern featuring a large number of light-sketched Qinghua;the second period being Xianfeng-Tongzhi,with a decrease in quality and quantity,with Qinghua appearing dull and floaty,and some figure patterns showing proportionally misaligned bodies and similar facial expressions;and the third period being Guangxu-Xuanwu,with a decreasing quality trend toward greater refinement in some products and a coarsening in others,with a large number of high-quality imitation antique porcelain products appearing,as well as the unique color developed by foreign blue entering China during this period.In addition,this research compares the Qinghua porcelain produced by the Jingdezhen folk kiln from the Jiaqing to Xuanwu period with that produced in Fujian,Guangdong,Hunan,Hebei,and other regions,and summarizes the influence of Jingdezhen on them as direct influence and indirect influence.