| Since the beginning of artificial intelligence research in the late 1970s,after more than 50 years of development,China’s level of artificial intelligence development has caught up with the West.The recognition of artificial intelligence technology established by various social strata predates the development of technology itself,and the process of cognitive change runs through the development history of artificial intelligence technology in China.Choosing the perspective of technological understanding for a review of technological development history can examine how emerging technologies,as imported products,have integrated and developed in China,revealing the driving factors and results of China’s technological path selection and development in different historical contexts.This will not only help enrich the research on the history of communication of AI thought in China,but also provide a more complete historical reflection and experience guidance,which meets the needs of the current development of AI in China.Based on the dual attributes of technology,this article decomposes the concept of technological cognition into scientific and social understanding of technology;With "as a discipline" and "as a tool" as the main cognitive vision,follow the basic laws of technical communication and development,and interpret the AI technology cognition at different stages.According to the migration of focus issues,this study believes that the process of establishing AI technology cognition in China can be divided into three stages:from 1955 to 1977,China’s understanding of AI focused on the "pseudoscience" criticism of the problem of "machines replacing human brain thinking".In the process of scientific criticism,the academic community completes the digestion and absorption of disciplinary ideas,and conducts research in the field of "intelligent simulation";By 1977,Wang Xianghao was the first to recognize the scientific nature of artificial intelligence and called for research,and the process of disciplinary development of artificial intelligence in China began immediately.Guided by the semiotic research program,China has established a scientific understanding of artificial intelligence based on formal logical operations and computers.With the promotion of scientific and technological exchanges between China and the West,in the 1980s,China’s AI research focused on the research of machine theorem proving,expert systems,and knowledge engineering.In terms of social understanding,the philosophical community has taken the lead in establishing a technological value understanding of "artificial intelligence promotes intelligent revolution" for artificial intelligence;By 2000,research on artificial intelligence had shifted from logical reasoning to big data driven scenarios,and the public had established a scientific understanding of "data+algorithms=artificial intelligence".In 2010,internet companies led by Baidu launched an exploration of deep learning,achieving a breakthrough in understanding the value of technology and ushering in the era of artificial intelligence industrialization in China.In 2017,China officially established the strategic development status of artificial intelligence.Under the comprehensive technology carnival,the negative impact of technology is prominent,and the public’s awareness of technological risks is growing.In order to balance technological development with citizen rights,China has formed a responsible view of artificial intelligence development towards the good.Through the analysis of the cognitive process of artificial intelligence in China,this study found that the research ideas within technology and the external social structure are the main driving forces for constructing technological cognition.The active construction of the three major research programs in artificial intelligence and the social technology perspective have had a significant impact on the process of cognitive establishment of artificial intelligence technology.Behaviorism,as the origin of China’s understanding of artificial intelligence,has triggered philosophical controversies and obstacles,while also promoting the updating of China’s scientific and technological ideas and the absorption of "intelligent simulation" scientific research ideas;Semiotics... |
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