| The acceleration of population and urbanization into cities has led to an increasing demand for land,but the contradiction between population and resources and environment has intensified due to over-exploitation,land reclamation,unplanned logging and overgrazing,which has seriously restricted the development of ecological civilization in China.Building ecological civilization is an important strategic goal of national development,and China already proposed in 2013 to reasonably lay out the pattern of territorial space development and actively promote the construction of ecological civilization.As a carrier for human survival and development,the rational arrangement of ecological,agricultural and urban layout on the national land space by constructing an efficient and orderly spatial planning system is an important measure to accelerate the green mode of production and lifestyle and the construction of ecological civilization,as well as an important means to ensure stable economic development,food production security and ecological environment security.By sorting out and summarizing the related researches on the spatial pattern and optimization of national land at home and abroad,we construct a framework system of national land spatial research based on elements,pattern,process and optimization with the support of theories of human-land relationship,sustainable development and ecological civilization construction.Based on this framework,taking Longsheng County(hereinafter referred to as Longsheng County)as an example,we take the influence of "three zones and three lines" on the spatial planning of the country,and divide the "three zones(ecological space,agricultural space and urban space)" into the first-level types of land use in the country.We classify the land use data in 2005,2010,2015 and 2018,visualize the classification results based on Arc GIS software platform,portray the evolution characteristics and distribution pattern of the land space pattern in Longsheng County from 2000 to 2018,and construct the matrix of land space dynamic attitude and land space type transfer;use geographic probe to clarify the driving factors affecting the land space pattern The driving force factors influencing the change trend of homeland spatial pattern;diagnose the homeland spatial conflict zone in Longsheng County based on the evaluation of resource and environment carrying capacity and the suitability of homeland spatial development;use FLUS model to simulate the future homeland spatial pattern of Longsheng County based on the homeland spatial data in 2018 and propose countermeasures for homeland spatial pattern optimization.The main conclusions of the study are as follows:(1)The spatial pattern distribution of the land in Longsheng County from 2000 to 2018 is different,and the comprehensive change of land space shows the trend of "accelerating-slowingrising".Ecological space occupies an absolutely dominant position in the national land space,followed by agricultural space and the smallest urban space;from the spatial distribution,the spatial pattern distribution is significantly different,with urban space mainly concentrated in Longsheng town,Liao Li town,Sanmen town and Longji town,and agricultural space mainly distributed in the northwestern part of the county;during 2000-2018,with the expansion of urban space and ecological space,the area of agricultural space sharply decreased.In terms of the speed of change of national land space,ecological space changes the slowest,followed by agricultural space,urban space changes the fastest,and the comprehensive dynamic attitude of the national land shows accelerated growth in 18 years,then slowly decreases,and then continues to rise.(2)Based on the analysis of the driving forces of the geographic probe,the spatial pattern of the country has been transformed under the combined effect of natural conditions,transportation location,socio-economics and policy system.The most significant driver of the conversion of ecological space to agricultural space is slope;population density is the main driver of the conversion of ecological space to urban space;influenced by topographic conditions,transportation location and policy and institutional conditions,elevation,distance to township centers,GDP and forest cover are important drivers of the conversion of agricultural space to ecological space;while the drivers of the conversion of agricultural space to urban space are more complex,urban land With the expansion of population and urbanization,urban land expands,which is usually manifested by the spreading of urban land to the periphery of the town and crowding out other land,and the research results also show that population density is the most important driving factor for the conversion of agricultural space to urban space,while distance to rivers,distance to roads,distance to township centers,GDP and urbanization rate are all important driving factors.(3)The spatial conflict zone of Longsheng County shows a general distribution pattern of "high in the east and low in the west".From the overall distribution of conflict areas,the most widely distributed conflict areas are Ladybird,Lejiang and Equality,among which agricultural space conflict areas are the most widely distributed.From the spatial distribution of conflict types,the distribution of agricultural space and ecological space conflict areas is consistent with the overall distribution of conflict areas,and the high conflict areas are located in Ladybestown,Lejiang Town and Equality Town;the high conflict areas of urban space and ecological space expanded from Sanmen Town in 2000 to Ladybestown and Longsheng Town in 2018;the high conflict areas of urban space and agricultural space were Longsheng Town in 2000 and expanded to Sanmen Town and Ladybestown in 2010.The high conflict zone for urban space and agricultural space was Longsheng Town in 2000,and expanded to Sanmen Town and Liao Li Town in 2010,while the high conflict zone was Liao Li Town and Sanmen Town in 2018.(4)Using the FLUS model,the 2030 territorial spatial pattern of Longsheng County is simulated under multiple scenarios.In terms of optimization results,the arable land protection scenario is more consistent with the actual development of Longsheng County.Taking the evaluation of resource and environment carrying capacity and spatial development suitability of the country as constraints,the spatial pattern of the country in 2030 simulated under ecological priority scenario,arable land protection scenario and natural growth scenario is optimized according to the suitability of ecological space > agricultural space > urban space,and combined with the actual development situation,it is obvious that the optimization result of arable land protection scenario is more in line with the future development situation of Longsheng County from the optimization result.(5)With the goal of "improving the quality of ecological space,enhancing the quality of agricultural space and optimizing the spatial layout of towns",the spatial pattern of Longsheng County’s land is optimized.With the ecological protection red line as the core,frame the ecological protection pattern of Longsheng County,expand the area of public welfare forest and natural forest,restore the native forest vegetation,and encourage industrial transformation and upgrading;with permanent basic farmland as the bottom line,reduce the occupation of arable land by other land,actively implement land improvement and arable land quality transformation,guide the adjustment of agricultural industry structure,and create the integrated development model of "agriculture + rural tourism + field Community" integrated development model;based on the development boundary of towns,revitalize the land in the development boundary of towns,low utility land and unused land,strictly control the expansion of the scale of urban land,and reasonably guide the optimization of town form and spatial layout. |
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