Neighborhood Consistency Effects Of Multiplication Facts In Visual And Auditory Channels

Neighborhood consistency effects refer to the difference in reaction time and accuracy between the related consistent lures(such as 3 × 6 = 15)and the related inconsistent ones(such as 3 × 6 = 24).There are at least two models to explain this effect,the first is the Network Interference Model,and the second is the Interacting Neighbors Model.At present,most studies are behavior investigation for Neighborhood consistency effects in multiplicative mental arithmetic,and based on visual presentation arithmetic.Hence,under the arithmetic problem of auditory channel presentation,whether there are Neighborhood consistency effects in multiplicative mental arithmetic,and whether the visual and auditory channel presentation arithmetic problems have the same cognitive neural mechanism,more research is needed.In this study,60 college students were selected,using delayed verification paradigm and Event Related Potential(ERP)technology to investigate the effects of relatedness and consistency on multiplicative mental arithmetic.In experiment 1,arithmetic problems are presented under the visual channel,and in experiment 2,arithmetic problems are presented under the auditory channel.The arithmetic probes of the two experiments were presented visually,and the subjects were asked to judge whether the probes were true or not,and respond through the “←” or “→”arrow keys.An analysis of variance(ANOVA)was used to analyze the reaction time,accuracy and Late Positive Component(LPC)amplitude in the two experiments.The behavioral results showed that the main effects of relatedness responses in experiment 1 and 2 were significant,and the reaction time of unrelated lures was significantly faster than that of related ones,and in experiment 1,the accuracy of unrelated lures was significantly higher than that of related ones.Other effects were not significant.The ERP results showed that compared with experiment 2,experiment 1 showed significant relatedness in LPC,and the interaction between relatedness and consistency in both experiments was significant,and the average amplitude of LPC induced by related consistent lures was significantly larger than that induced by related inconsistent ones.The results show that compared with the visual channel,the relatedness main effect of the arithmetic problem in the auditory channel is not significant,indicating that the representation of the multiplicative arithmetic problem under the visual and auditory channel will activate not only the correct answer,but also the related probes.And the difference of activation diffusion is limited to the presentation of visual channels.The interaction between relatedness and consistency in visual and auditory channels are significant,and the LPC induced by related consistent ones is significantly larger than that induced by related inconsistent ones,indicating that there is Neighborhood consistency effects in multiplicative mental arithmetic,and related consistent can promote the judgment of multiplicative mental arithmetic.The results support the Interacting Neighbors Model.