On The Integration Process Of Han Immigrants In Miaojiang In Southwest Guizhou In The Early Qing Dynasty Historical And Cultural Investigation

Guizhou Province,located in the southwest hinterland of China,is a multi-ethnic province.Southwest Guizhou Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture is located in the southwest of Guizhou,bordering Yunnan and Guangxi at the same time.Known as the "Southwest barrier" and "key to Yunnan and Guizhou",it has been an area inhabited by ethnic minorities since ancient times,with 35 ethnic groups including Buyi,Miao,Han,Yao,Gelao,Hui,etc.In the early Qing Dynasty,with the continuous development of Southwest Guizhou and its incorporation into the direct rule of the dynasty,the Han immigrants in the Central Plains continued to move here.Therefore,in the Miao region of Southwest Guizhou,there was a cultural change from conflict to integration between the local indigenous Miao people and the foreign Han guests,and the Han guests also changed their identity from "people outside" to "people inside".From the perspective of history and culture,investigating the integration process of Han people in Southwest Guizhou in the early Qing Dynasty can not only get a glimpse of the development status and laws of ethnic relations in ancient China,but also provide historical reference for promoting the harmonious coexistence of ethnic relations in today’s multi-ethnic areas and the practice of ethnic policies.The background of the Han people’s integration into Miao area in the early Qing Dynasty can be summarized as two aspects: one is that the Qing government implemented the policy of changing land to flow in Southwest Guizhou,and the other is that the per capita cultivated land area decreased due to the large growth of the mainland population.The process of Han Hakka entering Miao area in Southwest Guizhou can be divided into three stages: the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties,the Kangxi and Qianlong period and the Jiaqing period.Due to the differences between Miao and Han culture in production mode,customs and social structure,with the gradual migration of Han immigrants into southwest Guizhou,the conflicts between Miao and Han culture in livelihood mode,living customs,social structure and social system also occur.The conflict is also a part of the integration process.In the early Qing Dynasty,the exchange and interaction between the Miao indigenous people and the Han guest people in Southwest Guizhou resulted in the integration of the Miao Chinese culture and the Indigenization of the guest people.This result is manifested in two forms: one is that the mainland guests accept the local culture,adapt to the local environment,and integrate into the Miao indigenous society;One is to accept foreign Han guests and identify with Han culture based on the status of Miao aborigines.For the relationship between the Hakka and the Miao people,this is a two-way result,which means a change in two aspects.On the one hand,it reflects the close communication between the Han Hakka and the local indigenous people.On the other hand,it reflects that the indigenous people have also made all-round changes in order to adapt to the new situation and become no different from the Han people.From this,we can sum up some historical understandings of the process of Miao and Han ethnic exchanges and exchanges in Southwest Guizhou in the early Qing Dynasty,such as the transformation process of group culture,how different cultures communicate and interact,and how the integration and transformation of different cultures in the process of Han guests’ integration in Southwest Guizhou since the early Qing Dynasty led to social changes.