| COVID-19 epidemic has brought huge mental impact and psychological pressure to all people,especially college students,at a time when emotional resilience is very important.Emotional resilience refers to an individual’s ability to recover from negative emotions in the face of stress and adversity.Studies have shown that individuals who effectively use emotional regulation strategies have higher levels of emotional resilience.A large number of studies have shown that the use of mindfulness and cognitive reappraisal is beneficial to emotion regulation and is a well-adapted emotion regulation strategy.However,the mechanism of the influence of the use of mindfulness and cognitive reappraisal on emotion regulation ability and emotional resilience remains to be studied.Therefore,this study will explore the effects of mindfulness and cognitive reappraisal on emotional resilience from the perspective of trait and immediate regulation effect.Firstly,from the trait level,this study explored the influence of trait mindfulness on emotional resilience,and the moderating effects of cognitive reappraisal and emotional regulation ability.Then,from the perspective of the use of immediate emotion regulation strategies,the effects of mindfulness strategies and cognitive reappraisal strategies on the adjustment and recovery of negative emotions were further compared in the experimental environment.The use of emotion regulation strategies requires the participation of cognitive control,which consumes certain cognitive resources,and the effect of emotion regulation strategies is affected by individual differences.Therefore,in order to better discuss the adaptability of the two strategies,the study takes the differences in individual emotion regulation abilities into account.Then,the influences of the two strategies on the regulation and recovery of negative emotions and cognitive resource consumption of individuals with high and low emotional regulation ability were studied respectively,so as to find more adaptive emotional regulation strategies for different individuals.In the first study,questionnaire was used to investigate the influence of trait mindfulness on emotional resilience and the moderating effect of cognitive reappraisal on trait mindfulness and emotional resilience.In the first study,381 individual college students were recruited to measure trait mindfulness,cognitive reappraisal,emotional resilience,and emotional regulation using the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale,the Positive Rerating Scale,the Adolescent Emotional Resilience Questionnaire,and the Emotional Regulation Difficulty Scale.Data analysis established a moderated mediation model,that is,mindfulness affects emotional resilience through emotional regulation ability,and cognitive reappraisal is moderated in the first half of the mediation.Individuals with high mindfulness level increase the frequency of cognitive reappraisal,which will negatively affect their emotional regulation ability.It is suggested that mindfulness and cognitive reappraisal are complementary rather than superimposed in their effects on emotion regulation.Based on study 1,Study 2 further explores the effects of mindfulness strategy and cognitive reappraisal strategy on immediate negative emotion regulation and recovery(i.e.short-term emotional resilience)of individuals with high and low emotional regulation abilities,as well as the impact of cognitive cost,so as to find more adaptive emotion regulation strategies for individuals with different emotional regulation abilities.In study 2,118 subjects were recruited,.Both groups were randomly assigned to three conditions: mindfulness,cognitive reappraisal and passive viewing.Negative emotions were induced by watching sad videos.At the same time,the subjects under each condition adopted corresponding emotion regulation strategies to regulate negative emotions.After that,the subjective emotion score experienced(titer and arousal)was used as the indicator of emotion regulation effect.Then,the classic Stroop experiment was conducted to compare the degree of cognitive resource consumption of different strategies,and the response and accuracy rate was taken as the index of cognitive resource consumption.Then,the subjective score of emotional experience at this time is used as an indicator of emotional recovery effect.The results showed that both cognitive reappraisal and mindfulness could significantly reduce the negative emotion of college students with high emotion regulation ability.In terms of negative emotion recovery,cognitive reappraisal was significantly lower in the intensity of negative emotion than mindfulness,and significantly higher in the titer and positive emotion intensity than passive viewing.In terms of cognitive resource consumption,the inconsistent correct rate of using mindfulness and cognitive reappraisal strategy was significantly lower than that of passive viewing,and the inconsistent correct rate of using cognitive reappraisal strategy was lower than that of using mindfulness strategy.In terms of reaction-time index,the cognitive reappraisal strategy was significantly higher in the discordant response and the consistent response than in the passive viewing condition,and the mindfulness strategy was slightly higher in the response than in the passive viewing condition.For college students with low emotional regulation ability,mindfulness strategy was superior to cognitive reappraisal strategy in restoring negative emotions,while there was no significant difference in resource consumption among the three groups.The main results are as follows:(1)Trait mindfulness has a positive predictive effect on emotional resilience.The higher the trait mindfulness is,the stronger the emotional resilience is,and the emotional adjustment ability completely mediates the influence of trait mindfulness on emotional resilience.(2)Cognitive reappraisal regulates the first half of the intermediary,that is,individuals with high level of mindfulness,and the increased frequency of cognitive reappraisal will negatively affect their emotional adjustment ability.It is suggested that mindfulness and cognitive reappraisal are complementary rather than superimposed in their influence on emotional regulation.(3)In college students with high emotion regulation ability,both cognitive reappraisal strategy and mindfulness strategy can regulate and restore immediate negative emotions,and the effect is equivalent,but cognitive reappraisal will bring higher cognitive cost.(4)Among college students with low emotion regulation ability,mindfulness strategy has a better effect on regulating negative emotions than cognitive reappraisal strategy,but there is no difference between the two strategies in the recovery of negative emotions and the consumption of cognitive resources. |
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