| Rousseau,as a great enlightenment thinker in the 18 th century,held a different view from those philosophers who advocated rationality at that time.In his opinion,"self-love" and "compassion" were the two most initial sentiments of human beings.However,they will also change with the development of people’s state.Along with the transformation of human natural state to social state,these two sentiments will also be transformed into completely different social sentiments.So how does this transformation happen? How can we maintain the morality of these two natural moral sentiments in the process of socialization and transformation,and not let them become the reason for the degradation of social moral fashion criticized by Rousseau? The sorting out of these questions plays an important role for us to understand and clarify Rousseau’s entire ideological system.The ways of socialization transformation of natural moral sentiments proposed by Rousseau will provide great help for us to understand his social critical theory and civic education theory.Moreover,in the development of contemporary emotionalism theory,Scholars pay more attention to the emotionalism theory of Scottish Enlightenment,while Rousseau’s emotionalism theory,which is the same origin but different path,provides us with a different way of thinking.This paper will mainly review Rousseau’s dissertations in Whether Science and Art contribute to the revival of Science and art and whether the revival of Science and art contribute to the simplicity of customs,On the Causes and Foundations of Inequality among People(later referred to as On Science and Art and On Inequality,collectively referred to as the "Second Treatise")and Emile.This paper combs the logic of his criticism of the human degradation caused by the socialization of natural moral sentiment in reality,the nature of natural moral sentiment and the theory of the ideal socialization of natural sentiment,and discusses the gains and losses of his theory.To be specific,the first chapter mainly clarifies that people’s decadence and waste are the embodiment of social state,so as to further clarify the real sentiment and expression of natural state,mainly emphasizing the difference with the mainstream philosophers such as Hobbes,Locke and other natural status.The second chapter mainly expounds how the status of nature step into the status of socialization and how the two initial natural sentiments of people change with the changing of states.The third chapter is to explore the feasibility of how to make people maintain their natural moral sentiments under the influence of education through the education of the natural Emile in the social status.At the same time,it will also analyze the feasibility of these educational ways.Are these ways feasible to make people still maintain their natural moral sentiments?We need to find out how Rousseau’s "state of nature" differs from that of other philosophers Locke and Hobbes.Secondly,by combing the logical context of these three books,we can understand why "self-love" and "compassion" are the initial sentiments of human beings."amour de soi"(self-love)appears in the state of nature,in the form of self-preservation and the most basic physiological needs of people with little reference to others;However,in the social state,it will be alienated into pride,jealousy,favoritism which would be called with amour propre(a term of self-fish)caused by competition between people and others.in the state of nature,shown as people’s aversion to unjustifiable evil.Therefore,it is the most primitive virtue,beauty,morality and replacement of law.However,as people step into the state of society,it will disappear with the expansion of selfish love(amour propre)and be replaced by indifference and jealousy among people.It is precisely through their internal logical relations and their respective characteristics that Rousseau holds the view that people can still cultivate "Emile" the natural person in the social state through human education. |
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