Labor Rights Protection And Its Mechanism Analysis On Human Capital

Among developing countries,China has the largest number of trade union members,the largest number of trade union organizations and the largest trade union structure.In such a huge number of trade unions,the characteristics,evolution and change of labor relations are very complicated.It is of great practical significance for trade unions to do a good job in the protection of workers’ rights and interests,and how to effectively transform the protection of labor rights and interests into the level of human capital.China’s enterprise trade unions have three responsibilities in the organization and operation-maintaining stability for the government,maintaining order for the enterprise and safeguarding rights for the staff and workers.While performing the functions of "maintaining stability" and "maintaining order",whether the enterprise trade union can effectively undertake the responsibility of "safeguarding rights" to protect the rights and interests of workers has always been controversial in the academic circles.In addition,human capital has become the "third resource" with the function of promoting the continuous development of enterprises after capital and labor,and an important significance of protecting the rights and interests of workers is to stimulate the level of human capital of enterprises.Doing a good job of relevant analysis can help enterprises make correct decisions,promote labor relations,resolve contradictions,move towards win-win cooperation,and help enterprises find ways to correctly improve the level of human capital.In order to explore whether enterprises and trade unions can effectively protect the rights and interests of workers and how enterprises and labor protection affect the level of human capital of enterprises,this paper will use the trade union enterprise data of 31 provinces(except Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan)in 2019 to analyze the labor protection effect of Chinese enterprises and trade unions by using the micro data at the level of enterprise trade unions,It also introduces the method of machine learning to clarify the influence mechanism of enterprise characteristics and labor protection on the level of human capital.Firstly,in terms of the protection of workers’ rights and interests between enterprises and trade unions,this paper selects the signing proportion of special collective contracts,the signing proportion of comprehensive collective contracts and the signing proportion of social security contracts as the explanatory variables to analyze the protection of workers’ rights and interests from three aspects: salary,employment relationship and social security.The proportion of trade union members in enterprises is selected as the core explanatory variable of this paper.Because this indicator can be regarded as the core indicator of the construction and development of enterprise trade unions.It reflects the development of trade unions and the promotion of trade unions in a certain way.In terms of control variables,the construction proportion of enterprise workers’ Congress and the establishment proportion of enterprise labor protection supervision committee are selected as the characteristic variables of enterprise trade unions;Select enterprise age,enterprise scale,operating cost,enterprise profit margin and asset liability ratio as enterprise characteristic variables;Select the education level of workers and the proportion of skilled workers as the characteristic variables of enterprise employees,control the industrial and regional effects,and analyze the protection of workers’ rights and interests.The results show that,on the whole,trade unions do play a "rights protection role" in protecting the rights and interests of workers,and trade unions in enterprises can protect the rights and interests of workers from three aspects.However,trade unions prefer to protect the "bottom line" labor rights and interests of workers,but have little effect on the "growth" labor rights and interests.From the perspective of enterprises,enterprise scale has a positive impact on labor protection,and enterprise debt has a negative impact on workers’ labor protection.In addition,corporate profits have a negative impact on the employment relationship of labor.Enterprises pursuing high profits and looking for low-cost labor will have an impact on the existing stable employment relationship.The analysis from the perspective of employees shows that the high level of education of employees can offset part of the impact on the employment relationship caused by the excessive pursuit of profits.When the labor union has limited social security personnel,it can make up for the limited impact of the labor union.Based on the analysis of the protection of workers’ rights and interests in enterprises and trade unions,this paper uses the total index of "education achievement method"-the total time of enterprise employees’ education to calculate the level of human capital.The influence mechanism of enterprise characteristics and labor protection on human capital level is analyzed by using support vector regression,random forest regression and xgboost algorithm in machine learning.The results show that random forest regression and xgboost can better fit and predict the change of enterprise human capital stock level with the characteristics of enterprises and trade unions.From the analysis of the importance of variables in the fitting process,the enterprise factor is still the most important factor affecting the stock of enterprise human capital.Among them,the time of establishment has the greatest impact on the stock level of human capital.Enterprises with a longer establishment time have more time to attract,train and invest employees;For enterprises that have been established for a longer time,employees have higher trust in their employment,so they are more willing to make their own investment and increase their competitive advantage in the enterprise.In addition,enterprise size is also an important factor affecting the stock of human capital.Enterprise scale acts on human capital from multiple channels,such as talent attraction,human capital accumulation time and stable employment relationship,to stimulate the incentive of human capital stock.At the level of labor protection,labor protection measures have indeed played a role in promoting the accumulation of enterprise human capital.Labor protection can stabilize the relationship between workers and enterprises,weaken the changes of human capital structure within enterprises,and have a positive impact on human capital investment and increase the stock of human capital.