Research On The Freedom Thought And Its Contemporary Value In Marx’s "Economic Manuscripts Of 1857-1858"

In Marx’s thought treasure house,it is not difficult for us to find that free thought is the main line of thought through his mental process and the value purpose of his whole thought.It is very necessary to deeply study free thought and reveal the thinking logic behind it.The 1857-1858 economic manuscript(hereinafter referred to as the 1857-1858 manuscript)is the first manuscript of Marx’s political and economic criticism,which contains rich and profound free thought.Marx used historical and dialectical thinking to reveal human freedom from the perspective of political economy,comprehensively investigated human social relations and living conditions,took social production practice and production relations as the premise of freedom,and found the general root of human freedom.Thus,the two different social science problem domains of political economics and human studies are interrelated and logically close to form a complete ideological system,which reflects the profundity of Marx’s penetrating social phenomenology and moving towards historical phenomenology.Marx’s exposition of freedom does not present its general content alone.It is mainly seen in the research of political economy and runs through all logical links of the development of capitalist society.The construction of freedom thought starts from criticizing the freedom of capitalist society and takes it as a benchmark to analyze the historical evolution,deep essence and future trend of human social freedom,The beautiful form of human social freedom and the existence state of human beings in the future society envisaged by Marx confirm each other.In short,the whole ideological field of Marx runs through a red line from beginning to end,that is,a historical and scientific analysis of human freedom.In addition to the introduction and conclusion,the main content of this paper includes five parts:The first part summarizes the state and evolution of freedom in each stage of human society in the manuscript of 1857-1858,summarizes the characteristics of human freedom in each stage,the reasons for "non freedom" and the motivation for the evolution from the previous stage to the later stage,so as to summarize the conditions of human freedom in general.The second part discusses the development of human society to the capitalist stage,whether from the "surface" or "quality" of freedom,human freedom has been significantly expanded.But generally speaking,it is still the freedom of a few people,and most people are still "not free".Therefore,it is necessary to use historical materialism and the dialectical logic of affirmation,negation and dichotomy to carry out critical research,and to clearly explain Marx’s views on the progressiveness and limitations of freedom under capitalist conditions.The third part mainly discusses the conditions,possibility and transition of freedom beyond the stage of capitalism.Marx never maintained the legitimacy of capitalism based on capitalism,but transcended capitalist society based on realistic social conditions and found the "factors" of transcendence.There are inherent contradictions in capitalism.Capital logic is bound to surpass itself and realize self denial,so as to move towards a new "community" that can accommodate greater human production and social activities and promote the real realization of human freedom.The fourth part mainly discusses that after surpassing the freedom in the capitalist stage,human society moves towards the free state in the new stage.It is necessary to "describe" human freedom in the future society theoretically,summarize the relevant key factors of human freedom,and outline the general state of human freedom and free life.The fifth part mainly discusses the contemporary value of freedom thought in Marx’s 1857-1858 manuscript.The freedom of all people in contemporary society has not been fully realized.We are in the transition stage from the "Kingdom of necessity" to the "Kingdom of freedom".China’s socialism is still in the primary stage and has embarked on the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics,Having established the socialist market economic system,we still need to constantly promote and develop socialism in practice.Therefore,we should always take human freedom as an important index to investigate the situation of social development,and unswervingly promote human substantive freedom in combination with the ideological resources in Marx’s manuscript of 1857-1858.