The "Political Course" In The Early Years Of The Founding Of The People’s Republic Of China And The Institutional Research Of Chinese Political Science(1949-1966)

After the establishment of the People’s Republic of China,how did the new regime implement the modern concept of state and its system formed since the late Qing and Republic of China into national consciousness? How to incorporate the young student group that emerged in modern times into the "national" main body and make them the "successors of revolution" ? How to form public perception and recognition of the new country and its public policies,and ensure their effective implementation? How to form a corresponding system for the production and dissemination of political knowledge?In other words,how to shape the legitimacy of socialist new China? These are all practical propositions faced by national construction after the founding of the country.Through the institutional transformation of the old higher education system and its political knowledge construction,New China has formed a knowledge system centered on political(theoretical)courses.This article takes the construction and development of political(theoretical)courses as the research object,analyzes the historical process of the development and evolution of political course construction,and discusses the content and characteristics of the disciplinary institutionalization of political science.This article believes that the institutionalization of disciplines includes two aspects:firstly,it refers to the internal knowledge construction,namely the knowledge structure and argumentation logic of the discipline;secondly,it refers to the external organizational construction,with a series of observable indicators,such as specialized journals,research societies,researchers,etc.The research on "political courses" in the academic community focuses on ideological orientation(ideological and political education)and curriculum research,neglecting the organizational mode of political courses in the process of political knowledge institutionalization and their demonstration effect in the national construction of New China.This article aims to conduct research on "political(theoretical)courses" from the perspective of organizing political knowledge production.Based on literature review and historical interpretation,this article believes that "political courses",as a practice of organizing political knowledge production in the early stage of New China,have four characteristics: firstly,the exploration of political knowledge organization is reflected in the establishment of several core courses in political courses,including course structure and content composition(course organization);Secondly,the exploration of the institutionalization of political knowledge is manifested in the teaching and organization of "political courses",including how political knowledge is produced and disseminated(teaching institutionalization);Thirdly,the exploration of the institutionalization of political knowledge is reflected in the organizational guarantee outside the curriculum of "political courses".The country has established and established some political systems to ensure and lead the orderly and effective organization of the curriculum(organizational structure);Fourthly,the exploration of the institutionalization of political knowledge is reflected in the source of political course instructors and the systematic large-scale cultivation of "political course" instructors(personnel structure).The above four aspects serve as the analytical framework for the paper.The three historical exploration stages of political knowledge establishment,represented by "political courses",collectively constitute the main research content of this article.First,ideological reform and the proposal of "political course"(1949-1952),the article discussed the development of the initial political course,including how to reform the curriculum content,how to set up,how to explore the curriculum organization and system,in order to eliminate the old ideas of the public in political consciousness,so that the public recognized and supported the leadership of the CPC;Secondly,during the period of "political theory courses" and teaching reform(1952-1956),the article discusses the changes that occurred in the curriculum structure of political theory courses during this period,such as the syllabus,teaching organization process,and textbook content.Through the establishment of political counseling offices and other organizational systems with political nature,the cultivation and shaping of political course teachers,and a complete teaching and research room teaching system,the article promotes the development of "ideological reform" into "teaching reform",To more effectively remove the influence of old concepts,ideas,and knowledge in the teaching process;Thirdly,during the period of professionalization and departmental development of "political courses"(1956-1966),various institutional transformations and changes were explored in political courses.Political courses were transformed from public courses to various departments and became specialized courses in various departments.Later,they developed into departments(such as Philosophy Department,Economics Department,Marxist Leninist Fundamentals Department,and Communist Party History Department),including course content,teaching by Party committee cadres,course structure and system Political instructors and others are different from those in the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China.Usually,the academic community believes that after the department adjustment in1952,the Department of Political Science was abolished,leading to the conclusion that political science as a discipline was abolished.This article shifts its perspective and defines the disciplinary attributes of political science from the perspective of the production and dissemination of political knowledge.It views the establishment and evolution of "political courses" in New China as a continuation of the knowledge form of political science,thus better explaining the disciplinary inheritance relationship of political science around 1978.This is the contribution of this article.