| In the process of poverty alleviation,returning to poverty will encroach on the work of poverty alleviation and increase the poor population.Although absolute poverty has been completely eliminated in China at present,it does not mean the disappearance of poverty and the end of poverty alleviation.Poverty in China has changed from absolute poverty to relative poverty,from survival poverty to development poverty,and from single income poverty to multidimensional poverty.Therefore,poverty monitoring should not only meet the basic needs for food,clothing,housing,etc.It also covers basic needs and capacity requirements for development.At the same time,current aging in our country presents characteristics of large scale and fast speed.In the social development process,the elderly are in a vulnerable position,with low ability of resisting risk.They are the most vulnerable and most likely to return to the poor group.Therefore,it is of great significance to select appropriate indicators to measure multi-dimensional poverty and poverty among the elderly and explore the reasons for the elderly to return to poverty,consolidating the achievement of poverty alleviation and improving the quality of life of the elderly.In this thesis,the Chinese elderly health Factors Tracking Survey(CLHLS)data from2012,2014 and 2018 were used.The A-F method was used to creatively add subjective indicators such as social integration and mental health into the multidimensional poverty measurement system.The multidimensional poverty of the elderly in the three periods was firstly calculated.Secondly,we measured the situation of the elderly people’s return to poverty during the two survey periods of 2014 and 2018.Finally,we used the Logit model to analyze the factors affecting the elderly people’s return to poverty from the aspects of personal characteristics,family characteristics and regional differences.The main conclusions of this thesis are as follows: first,with regard to the multidimensional poverty measurement of the elderly in our country,the incidence of single-dimensional poverty is the highest in social activities and pension insurance;the incidence of single-dimensional poverty increases year by year in physical health,loneliness and social activities;and the incidence of single-dimensional poverty in living fuels,community services,drinking water and housing conditions decreases most obviously.With the increase of k value,the multi-dimensional poverty incidence and multi-dimensional poverty index of the elderly in our country decreased,and the average poverty deprivation share increased.When k =30%,social activities,endowment insurance and community service contribute the most to multidimensional poverty among the elderly.The contribution of drinking water,housing conditions,fuel and community services to multidimensional poverty has been declining,while the contribution of physical health,loneliness and social activities has been increasing year by year.Second,regarding the measurement of the old people’s re-poverty in our country,the highest single-dimension repoverty rate is social activity.The rate of repoverty in the dimension of quality of life decreases with time changes,and the rate of social reintegration increases with time.Health status,loneliness,and the proportion of people returning to poverty in medical insurance exceeded 70 percent.In 2018,the proportion of the multi-dimensional poverty rate and the multi-dimensional poverty population among the elderly was higher than that in 2014.The average contribution of community services,social activities and housing conditions to the multidimensional return to poverty of the elderly is larger and on the rise.Third,about the influencing factors of multi-dimensional poverty return for the elderly in our country,age,without spouse and whether enjoy retirement policy among the personal characteristics will significantly affect the probability of multi-dimensional poverty return for the elderly.Among family characteristics,increasing annual household income and living with children significantly reduced the probability of the elderly falling into multidimensional poverty.Among the regional differences,compared with the eastern region,the probability of the elderly falling into multidimensional poverty in the central and western regions is significantly reduced,while the probability of the elderly falling into multidimensional poverty in the northeast region is significantly increased.Based on the research results,the following suggestions are given in this thesis: First,establish a multidimensional poverty return monitoring mechanism scientifically and accurately.A dynamic poverty eradication monitoring system has been established to identify poverty eradication from various aspects,including income,quality of life,health,social security and social integration,and to broaden the channels for identifying poverty eradication.Second,actively promote the elderly to participate in social activities and integrate into social life.Correctly recognize the value of the elderly,guide and encourage the elderly to participate in all aspects of social life;Provide an environment and platform for the elderly to participate in social life,and respect the elderly.Third,improve the quality of life of the elderly from multiple perspectives.We should expand the coverage and intensity of pension insurance and medical insurance,pay attention to the health status of the elderly,accompany them more,and pay special attention to the elderly living alone and without spouses.Fourth,we will take precise measures to tackle poverty in different regions.The eastern region should improve the welfare level of the elderly according to local conditions to avoid polarization.In central and western China,attention should be paid to multidimensional poverty among the elderly,and poverty alleviation standards should be further raised.Infrastructure construction in Northeast China should be improved to provide high-quality public services with a high benefit rate for the elderly. |
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