| Objective: To explore the reasons for the different development trends of the physical health level of middle school students and college students in Jinan,analyze their core influencing factors,and compare the different measures and methods taken by the two to improve the physical health of students.Learn from the experience and methods of improving the physical health of middle school students to make reference for improving the physical health of college students.Methods: The main research method of this paper is the questionnaire survey method.This paper designs two questionnaires,namely,the expert questionnaire "Assessment Questionnaire on the Core Influencing Factors of Students’ Physical Health" and the student questionnaire "Questionnaire on the Influencing Factors of the Different Development Trends of the Physique and Health of Middle School Students and College Students".Expert questionnaire: In order to understand the core influencing factors that affect the healthy development of the physical fitness of middle school students and college students,this paper designed an expert questionnaire to investigate a total of12 experts in the direction of physical education teaching or sports training,as well as middle school and university physical education teachers who have taught for five years or more,using online questionnaires.Through literature review,this questionnaire sorted out 24 influencing factors of physical health of middle school students and college students participating in the evaluation.The respondents were invited to give a score of 1-5 points according to the importance of the indicators.The results were analyzed by SPSS software with AHP analytic hierarchy process to determine the weight of each influencing factor,so as to determine the core influencing factors of physical health of middle school students and college students.Student questionnaire: in order to understand the measures and methods taken by middle school students and college students in Jinan to improve their physique and health level,learn the beneficial experience of middle school students’ physique and health work,and reverse the downward trend of college students’ physique and health level.The student questionnaire clarifies the objective indicators of each influencing factor according to the 24 influencing factors in the expert questionnaire,and designs relevant questions to understand the basic information of students and the practices of all parties to improve students’ physical health,and objectively verify the influencing factors.This paper distributed 1500 questionnaires to middle school students and college students in Jinan.The survey results are sorted out in Excel,and independent sample t-test is used to calculate whether there is a significant difference between middle school students and college students in a certain aspect.Research results: According to the expert questionnaire survey,the weight value of each influencing factor was calculated.The results showed that the top eight influencing factors of middle school students’ physical health were: motivation for physical exercise(4.76%),awareness of physical exercise(4.76%),school physical test evaluation and feedback(4.63%),school leaders’ attention(4.63%),physical education curriculum content setting(4.63%),physical education class arrangement(4.63%)Family sports activities(4.50%),campus cultural and sports activities(4.50%);The top eight influencing factors of college students’ physical health are:physical exercise awareness(5.41%),physical exercise motivation(5.23%),family sports action(4.86%),family sports concept(4.86%),campus cultural and sports activities(4.86%),school sports venues and equipment(4.50%),physical education curriculum content setting(4.50%),and living habits(4.50%).According to the results of the student questionnaire survey,(1)students themselves: the proportion of middle school students who think physical exercise is important is 13.18% higher than college students.18.99% of college students said they did not intend to exercise,5.44% of middle school students did not intend to exercise,and the proportion of college students was 13.55% higher than that of middle school students.There was a significant difference in the average weekly independent exercise frequency between middle school students and college students(2.78 ± 1.79 times for middle school students and 2.31 ± 1.85 times for college students)(p<0.05).There was a significant difference in the frequency of eating breakfast every week between middle school students and college students(5.54 ± 2.23 times for middle school students;3.15 ± 2.35 times for college students)and drinking milk,soymilk and other drinks every week(4.26 ± 2.45 times for middle school students;3.49 ± 2.42 times for college students)(p<0.05).There was a significant difference in the daily frequency of sugary drinks between the two groups(1.10 ± 1.40 times for middle school students and 2.16 ± 1.70 times for college students)(p<0.05).The proportion of college students who have bad habits such as staying up late and smoking is 5.34% higher than that of middle school students.(2)School: The proportion of college students who think that school sports venues and equipment do not meet their own exercise needs is 20.3% higher than that of middle school students.31.01% of college students said that the school had no clear requirements for their own sports test results,while the proportion of middle school students was 7%.It is far lower than that of college students.7.8% of middle school students said they never knew their grades after the physical test,while 25.28% of these college students said they never knew their grades.(3)In terms of family,there was a significant difference(p<0.05)between middle school students and college students’ parents in their attitude towards students’ participation in physical exercise(middle school students: 4.08 ± 1.22 points;college students: 3.33 ± 1.22 points).There was a significant difference between the scores of students’ parents’ attitude towards physical exercise(middle school students: 1.05 ± 0.80;college students: 0.97 ± 0.84)(P<0.05).Conclusion: Compared with college students,middle school students in Jinan have a higher awareness of physical exercise,more frequent participation in exercise,and more scientific and good eating habits and living habits.In terms of schools:compared with college students,the content of physical education courses for middle school students is more abundant,the school’s facilities can better meet the students’ exercise needs,and the school’s rating and feedback work on students’ physique detection is better than that of universities.In terms of family: parents of middle school students more support students to participate in physical exercise,and parents themselves are more willing to participate in sports. |
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