The Study Of Teaching Thought In Zhuzi’s Reading Method

In the Southern Song Dynasty,Zhu Xi,a famous neo-Confucianist and educator,summarized the educational thoughts of Confucius and Mencius,and form a systematic educational method with combined his decades of educational practice.His disciples compiled his learning theory into Zhu Zi’s Reading Method.The learning methods and cultivation methods contained in the book guide future scholars to provide the way to learn,and these learning methods have great reference significance for today’s teaching.The root of Zhu Xi’s educational thought lies in his theory of human nature.He believes that "reason" exists between heaven and earth,and is the core of all things.Influenced by "reason",everyone has different human nature and temperament.Zhu Xi divided human nature into the nature of destiny and the nature of temperament,and the "nature of temperament" of the "dualism" divided human beings into four categories: saints,sages,the general public,and the common people.He believes that reading is to enable people who "learn to know" and "are trapped in learning" to understand the natural principles,thereby changing their temperament and restoring their nature.And the process of reading is not only a process of learning,but also a process of cultivating one’s body and mind.He believes that reading books is a process of "seeking truth through reason",and it is also a part of the implementation of the method of seeking knowledge from nature.Zhu Xi believed that there were six main methods of reading.The six methods focus on different aspects,including learning rules,requirements,attitudes,and the practice of integrating knowledge and action.They are interrelated and complementary to each other,forming an inseparable whole.Zhu Xi believed that reading should follow certain rules,first reading classics,then reading historical books.Only by being able to distinguish right from wrong can we gain enlightenment and grow from historical records."Deliberate reading and intensive thinking" is the core content of reading as learning.By doing so,one can retain the meaning in one’s heart,transform the externalized meaning into an internal code of conduct,and then combine one’s own actual situation to apply the meaning in practice to guide one’s own practice.He believes that when exploring everything in the world,it is necessary to make every effort,not to give up halfway,not to mention to be lazy and idle.It is necessary to seize the time,devote oneself wholeheartedly to it,not to be lazy,and truly achieve "tight effort.".Zhu Xi believed that "grid" is an important way to obtain knowledge,and it also requires "grid" to the extreme to truly understand the truth of everything.At the same time,in the process of acquiring knowledge and practice,there is a need for "respect",and the word "respect" should be a constant state that all learners need to maintain.Apply the word "respect" throughout learning and practice,maintain a humble and respectful attitude,learn to think,and experience the process of internalizing and externalizing knowledge.In addition,Zhu Xi also emphasized the mobilization of students’ non cognitive factors in the learning process,and believed that the teaching process needs to guide students to devote themselves wholeheartedly,and combine what they have learned with practice,so as to realize the truth in real life."Zhu Zi’s Reading Method" contains many learning methods that are worth learning from and inheriting.First of all,lofty ideals are the guiding signs of learning,guiding the direction of learning.Zhu Xi believes that "determination" is very important in the process of learning,because ambitious aspirations can encourage students to work hard for it,and can also enable students to transform external learning requirements into internal learning goals,improving their internal learning drive.Personal ideals and aspirations are compatible with the background of the times and the needs of social development."Ambition education" in the learning process can not only fulfill the fundamental task of "establishing morality and cultivating people," but also cultivate students’ national and ethnic views,which is an important component of patriotism education.Secondly,teaching should attach importance to giving full play to students’ learning subjectivity,cultivating students’ active learning attitudes,guiding students to actively participate in practice,and cultivating students to become talents needed by the motherland.In his educational practice,Zhu Xi also attaches importance to bringing students’ individuality into play.He believes that every student needs to find suitable learning methods,and teachers also need to guide students based on their situation.Teaching activities are activities completed jointly by teachers and students,and there is no contradiction between teacher leadership and student subjectivity.Therefore,teachers need to give full play to students’ subjectivity,maintain a positive learning attitude,improve students’ learning motivation,guide students to actively learn and actively practice.And in the process of practice,they actively verify the principles they have learned,and experience knowledge through practice."Zhu Zi’s Reading Method" still has content worthy of our learning,which endows it with new epochal value and makes it still shine brightly in education and teaching.