Comparative Study On The Critical Technology Characteristics Of Women’s 100m Athletes At Different Levels

Objective: With the continuous improvement of sprinting training level,athletes at every level need the critical technical parameter model of higher level as training reference.The critical technologies of domestic outstanding female 100-meter athletes and the world’s top female 100-meter athletes,and between domestic young female 100-meter athletes and domestic outstanding female 100-meter athletes are compared and analyzed.(1)The differences in critical technical parameters of female 100-meter athletes at different levels are found.(2)Explore the relationship between different technical parameters,as well as between different technical parameters and sports performance.(3)Provide reference for the training of coaches.Through the improvement of sprint technology,more ordinary women 100-meter athletes can be transformed into excellent sprinters,and more excellent women 100-meter athletes can be transformed into elite 100-meter athletes.Research methods: Taking the critical technical characteristics of female 100-meter athletes at different levels as the research object,the critical technical parameters of the world’s top female 100-meter athletes,domestic outstanding female 100-meter athletes and domestic young female athletes at the start,acceleration,mid-run and final sprint stage were recorded and analyzed by two-dimensional video analysis method.Critical technical parameters include step length(step length index),step frequency(step frequency index),air time,touchdown time,speed rhythm,speed endurance,etc.Independent-sample t test was used to analyze and compare the difference of critical techniques between the two horizontal levels of female 100 m athletes.Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation between athletic performance and critical technical parameters.Methods:(1)Compared with the world’s top female 100-meter athletes,there was no significant difference in the stride length of domestic elite female 100-meter athletes in the acceleration stage(P > 0.05),but the stride length of domestic elite female100-meter athletes in the intermediate run and the final sprint stage was relatively short,which had a significant difference(P < 0.05),and there was no significant difference in the stride frequency of each stage(P > 0.05).Compared with the domestic outstanding female 100-meter athletes,there was no significant difference in the stride length and stride frequency of young female 100-meter athletes in the acceleration,mid-run and final sprint stage(P > 0.05).(2)Compared with the world’s top female 100-meter athletes,there was no significant difference in the airborne and touchdown time of the domestic elite female 100-meter athletes in the acceleration and mid-run stages(P > 0.05),but the airborne time of the final sprint stage was relatively short and the touchdown time was relatively long,and there was a significant difference(P < 0.05).Compared with the domestic outstanding female100-meter athletes,the touchdown time of the domestic young female 100-meter athletes in the mid-run stage is relatively longer,and there is a significant difference(P < 0.05),while there is no significant difference in the take-off time and touchdown time of the other stages(P > 0.05).(3)Compared with the world’s top female 100-meter athletes,the proportion of time in the first 30 meters of the domestic elite female 100-meter athletes is relatively lower,with a significant difference(P < 0.05),the maximum speed is lower,with a significant difference(P <0.001),and the speed reduction in the last 10 meters has no significant difference(P > 0.05);Compared with the domestic outstanding female 100-meter athletes,the proportion of time in the first 30 meters of domestic young female 100-meter athletes had no significant difference(P > 0.05),the maximum speed was lower,there was a significant difference(P < 0.001),and the deceleration amplitude of the last 10 meters had no significant difference(P > 0.05).Result:(1)Compared with the world’s top female 100-meter athletes,the outstanding female 100-meter athletes in China have shorter stride length in the midrun stage and the final sprint stage,shorter air time and longer touchdown time in the final sprint stage,and a lower proportion of time in the first 30 meters and lower speed in each section;Compared with the domestic outstanding female 100-meter athletes,the touchdown time of the domestic young female 100-meter athletes is longer and the speed of each section from 0 to 90 meters is lower.(2)There is a negative correlation between the overall athletic performance of female 100 m athletes and the stride index in the mid-run,the final sprint stage,the touchdown time in the acceleration stage and the proportion of the first 30 meters,and a positive correlation between the athletic performance and the touchdown time in the mid-run and the final sprint stage.The main factors related to the athletic performance of the world’s top female 100-meter athletes are the stride length in the running stage and the touchdown time in the final sprint stage,while the main factors related to the athletic performance of the domestic top female 100-meter athletes are the touchdown time in the final sprint stage.