| Purpose:Basic motor skills refer to the basic physical movements and abilities necessary in sports.School-age children are the prime time for the development of basic motor skills,and proficiency in proper basic motor skills is the foundation for children to perform specific motor skills and help improve physical fitness.Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD)is a common neurodevelop mental disorder in childhood,and these children often have deficits in basic motor skills and low levels of physical fitness.Research has confirmed that exercise interventions have positive effects on children’s basic motor skills and physical health,but there are few studies on exercise interventions for children with ADHD in China.Based on this research status,this study designed a structured exercise intervention program for children with ADHD based on skill and physical training,combined with rhythmic dance and group games,aiming to investigate the effects of structured exercise on basic motor skills and physical health of children with ADHD and provide a theoretical basis for the application of exercise intervention in clinical treatment.Methods:This study was a randomized controlled trial that recruited and enrolled 40 children with ADHD aged 6-9 years from May to June 2021.Children were categorized according to whether they were taking medication or not,and children in both categories were assigned to the trial and waiting control groups in a 1:1 ratio using a randomized block group randomization method with randomized block group size.The trial group underwent aerobic exercise intervention for 90 minutes each time for a total of 20 sessions;the waiting control group underwent daily activities.Before and after the trial,both groups completed a basic motor skills and physical fitness test and were stratified according to medication administration.SPSS 26.0 software was used to statistically analyze all trial data,and results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation for data that met a normal distribution.Descriptive statistics were used to observe the physical morphological development,basic motor skills and physical fitness levels of children with ADHD.Data from the pre-and post-test groups were compared within groups using paired-samples t-tests.Independent samples t-test was used to test the differences between the pretest data of the test group and the waiting control group as well as to compare the differences between the data of the two groups before and after the test.Setting p<0.05 indicates a statistically significant difference;p<0.01 indicates a highly significant statistical difference.Results:1.basic motor skills:after the motor intervention,compared to the pre-test,the total score of basic motor skills(t=-2.7,p=0.02)and the score of object control(t=-3.9,p=0.002)in the test group improved and were statistically different;the score of body movement(t=-1.4,p=0.19)also improved,but was not statistically different;compared to the waiting control group,the test Compared to the waiting control group,the difference between the pre-and post-intervention scores of basic motor skill total score(difference 2.6,95%CI:0.3-4.9,p=0.03)and object control(difference 1.2,95%CI:0.1-2.3,p=0.04)was statistically significant in the test group.In contrast,the difference between pre-and post-intervention differences in body movement(difference 1.4,95%CI:-0.4-3.2,p=0.12)scores was not statistically significant.Stratified analysis based on whether medication or not after the exercise intervention,compared to the pre-test,the total score of basic motor skills(t=-4.2,p=0.004)and body movement scores(t=-3.5,p=0.01),and object control scores(t=-3.3,p=0.01)were improved and statistically different;compared to the waiting control group,the total scores of basic motor skills(difference 4.1,95%CI:1.1-7.0,p=0.01),body movement(difference 2.7,95%CI:0.5-4.9,p=0.02)scores had statistically significant differences before and after the intervention.There was a statistically significant trend in the difference between the pre-and post-intervention differences in the scores of object control(difference 1.4,95%CI:-0.2-2.9,p=0.08).2.physical fitness:after the exercise intervention,compared to the pre-test,the grip strength of the physical fitness of the test group(t=-3.3,p=0.005),standing long jump(t=-2.9,p=0.01)and seated forward bend(t=-4.6,p<0.001),all of which were statistically different.There was an improvement,but no statistical difference;compared with the waiting control group,the difference between the test scores before and after the intervention was statistically significant in the test group of standing long jump(difference 9.8,95%CI:2.2-17.5,p=0.01).Stratified analysis based on whether medication or not after the exercise intervention,compared to the pre-test,four indexes of physical fitness in the test group of the medication group,grip strength(t=-4.2,p=0.004),standing long jump(t=-4.0,p=0.005),seated forward bend(t=-5.7,p=0.001),and 20-meter round-trip run(t=-2.7,p=0.03)test There was a slight improvement in the 4*10m run(t=1.0,p=0.35),but not statistically different;compared with the waiting control group,the difference in the test scores of standing long jump(difference 15.9,95%CI:5.7-25.9,p=0.005)for physical fitness in the test group before and after intervention was statistically significant.Conclusions:This study demonstrated that aerobic exercise had a positive effect on basic motor skills and physical fitness in children with ADHD.After 20 sessions of aerobic exercise,children with ADHD improved their basic motor skills mainly in terms of total score,body movement,and object control;and their physical fitness improved mainly in terms of strength quality and flexibility quality.The results of stratified analysis showed that the improvement was more obvious in the medicated group compared to the non-medicated group. |
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