| Rural e-commerce is the product of the combination of Internet and rural economy,and is an important manifestation and practical result of Internet + "agriculture"."Agricultural products upward" refers to the process of selling agricultural products(i.e.primary products or processed products of crops)from their origin to all parts of the country,especially city(town)markets,also known as "agricultural products entering the city".Rural e-commerce is one of the main ways of agricultural products upward,aiming at solving the problem of rural agricultural products sales.Based on the online store data of Hebei featured agricultural products in "Taobao.com" platform,this study explores the upward spatial characteristics of Hebei featured agricultural products.The data of online stores of featured agricultural products in Hebei Province from 2005 to 2022 were collected,and the number and spatial characteristics of online stores of featured agricultural products in Hebei Province were summarized by using kernel density analysis,location entropy,social network analysis and other methods,and the spatial pattern and network structure of the upward path of e-commerce of featured agricultural products in Hebei Province were analyzed.In order to analyze the upward rule of characteristic agricultural products,Qianxi chestnut was selected as a typical upward case of characteristic agricultural products,and the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of its e-commerce upward space points were explored.The upward path of Qianxi chestnut was further compared from two aspects of business subjects and product types.Finally,the spatial characteristics of the upward path of Qianxi chestnut were compared from the circulation times and product types.The following conclusions are drawn:(1)The characteristic agricultural products of Hebei Province have begun to take shape.First of all,59% of featured agricultural products in Hebei Province have e-commerce sales activities.The distribution pattern of online stores in Hebei Province is more in the central south and less in the north.The sales volume of online stores is characterized by a large gap and uneven distribution,especially for melon and fruit products.Qianxi chestnut has the highest location entropy and higher dominance of characteristic agricultural products.Secondly,there are three kinds of upward spatial processes for featured agricultural products in Hebei province: upward of origin,upward of different provinces and upward of different provinces.Among them,the distribution of the number of upward paths of agricultural products is not uniform;There are few upward paths in different provinces,but close upward links of agricultural products are formed.The uplink path outside province mainly radiates the southeast of our country.The regional advantage of Qianxi chestnut makes Tangshan,Hebei Province,the starting city with the most upward path of agricultural products.Finally,the upward flow path of featured agricultural products in Hebei Province is mainly in the eastern cities,with unbalanced distribution and obvious polarization of node centrality.The center degree of Tangshan ranks the first,which fully explains the important position of Tangshan in Hebei Province’s characteristic agricultural products.In Hebei Province,the characteristic agricultural products’ upward network is less developed and the upward path is looser.The uplink path network is mainly multi-destination and short-route,with more average uplink destinations.The upward path of featured agricultural products formed through e-commerce has the characteristics of large scale and cross-region,which makes the agricultural products with strong regional characteristics and limitations jump out of the origin.(2)The spatial heterogeneity of the upward "points" of featured agricultural products is obvious.Qianxi chestnut online store has experienced three stages: early germination,preliminary development and steady growth.In the upward process of Qianxi chestnut with the help of e-commerce,there are three spatial points: online store operation place,product processing place and delivery place.Among them,online store operation place shows a trend of spreading southward with the origin as the core at the provincial scale.At the municipal scale,the spatial pattern of "one core and multiple elements" is presented.The county scale presents the spatial evolution characteristics of multi-core agglomeration and diffusion along the northeast-to-southwest direction.The processing area of chestnut products in Qianxi has formed a spatial feature with Hebei Province as the core and scattered distribution from east to south throughout the country.Qianxi chestnut e-commerce products distribution has formed a "large dispersion,small gathering" distribution pattern.After that,a comprehensive analysis of the three spatial points of online store operation,product processing and delivery was conducted,and it was found that the three spatial points on the whole formed a multi-core highly overlapping area in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area,the central part of Shandong Province,the central part of Henan Province,and the junction area of Suzhou,Shanghai and Hangzhou,while the distribution of the three spatial points in the other regions was scattered.In general,after Qianxi chestnut is sold by means of e-commerce,a complete supply chain can be formed around the place of origin,and an e-commerce sales chain can also be formed outside the place of origin.(3)There are great differences in the spatial characteristics of the upward "path" of featured agricultural products.First of all,the main business entities of Qianxi chestnut include individual operators,farmers’ professional cooperatives,processing enterprises,wholesale and retail enterprises.The products of individual operators go through one or three times of spatial conversion in the upward path,the products of farmer cooperatives involve one time of spatial conversion,the products of processing enterprises involve two times of spatial conversion,and the products of wholesale and retail enterprises go through two or three times of spatial conversion.Secondly,the product types of Qianxi chestnut include primary products,primary processed products and deep processed products.Due to the different location of operation,primary products have two kinds of upward paths,and the upward process goes through one or two spatial transformations.There are four kinds of upward path for the raw processed products,and the upward process goes through 1 to 3 times of spatial transformation.Because the processing place is located in the origin,the upward process of the deeply processed products goes through a spatial transformation.In addition,from the perspective of the spatial pattern of the upward path of chestnut commodities in Qianxi,the upward path of chestnut commodities in Qianxi after two spatial circulation shows a radial pattern of "more in the east,far in the south and sparse in the north" with the origin city of Tangshan as the center.The upward path of commodities after three times of spatial circulation shows the overall spatial pattern of "east dense and west sparse" with the double core of Tangshan in Hebei and Fuyang in Anhui.The upward path of primary products forms a spatial pattern radiating outward from Tangshan of origin,while the upward path of processed products forms a spatial pattern with multiple cores radiating outward from Tangshan of Hebei,Fuyang of Anhui and Hangzhou of Zhejiang.The products processed in different places take Fuyang of Anhui province as the "leading" processing place,forming trans-regional radiation.The radiation direction is concentrated in the eastern and central regions,showing the spatial characteristics of "a few strong and most weak". |
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