A Design Of Energy Control MAC Protocol Based On Cross-layer Mechanism In Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network

The underwater acoustic sensor network is an effective tool for exploring the underwater world and plays an important role in application scenarios such as resource exploration,disaster warning and underwater navigation.At present,data collection is the main work of the underwater acoustic sensor network.The sensor nodes in the network are dedicated to transmitting underwater data to the buoy node on the water surface.During this process,the underwater nodes can only be powered by batteries and their working life is very limited.How to achieve efficient and energy-saving data transmission methods in the complex and changeable underwater environment is a current research focus.The Medium Access Control(MAC)protocol is one of the important technologies in the underwater acoustic sensor network,which determines how nodes access the shared channel.The work in this paper mainly considers the following difficulties in the underwater acoustic sensor network for the application scenario of data collection with relay forwarding.First,a single relay node in the network may need to be responsible for forwarding data from multiple other nodes,so that the relay node generally has to bear a larger load,resulting in higher energy consumption.Secondly,when the relay nodes are located in different locations,the amount of traffic they face may also be different.A relay node with a larger load will accelerate the consumption of battery energy,and when the power of the relay node is exhausted,it will affect the overall data collection if the battery cannot be charged or replaced in time.In addition,in the process of data aggregation,the traffic load of the relay node closer to the surface buoy node is larger,which is likely to cause congestion and reduce the efficiency of data transmission.Aiming at these problems,this paper proposes an energy control MAC protocol(ECCL-MAC)which is based on cross-layer mechanism.In this protocol,the network layer and the physical layer share the relevant information in access control through cross-layer design,wherein the network layer determines routing and the physical layer performs power control.The sensor nodes located at the bottom of the water responsible for collecting data are initialized by the network and use idle listening to obtain the location information and remaining energy information of neighbor relay nodes.They calculate the forwarding priority of neighbor relays at the network layer and select the relay node with the highest forwarding priority to forward the data to the surface buoy node.In this process,the sensor nodes in the water bottom combine the forwarding path determination process with the handshake process when competing for channel,so that overhead of route discovery is reduced and the energy between the relay nodes tends to be balanced.In addition,the protocol designs the handshake control frame,so that during the data transmission process,the receiving node can receive data from multiple sending nodes in an orderly and conflict-free manner through one handshake and the sending node can adjust the power of sending data through the interaction of handshake control.Several experimental results on the NS3 network simulation platform show that,compared with the S-FAMA protocol and the MR-SFAMA protocol,the ECCL-MAC protocol can not only effectively improve the fairness of network nodes,but also improves the throughput of the network and reduces the average energy consumption of the network.Compared with the combination of the power control routing protocol DBPCR and random access Aloha,the ECCL-MAC protocol also has advantages in multiple performance indicators.