| With the continuous popularization of civilian vehicles,the number of traffic accidents has also gradually increased.To reduce traffic accidents and ensure personal safety,vehicle radar has increasingly attracted everyone’s attention.Vehicle radar is an indispensable component among many sensors required for autonomous navigation.The antenna required for vehicle angle radar should have a fan beam,that is,a wide beam in the azimuth plane and a narrow beam in the elevation plane,which can cover the relevant detection area.Compared with the traditional 24GHz angle radar antenna,the 79GHz angle radar antenna has the advantages of high detection accuracy and small size.Focusing on the parameter requirements of the 79GHz angular radar antenna,this thesis has carried out the following work:1.Design of 79GHz SIW broadband and wide beam array antenna.A low-cost,wide-beam broadband Substrate Integrated Waveguide（SIW）slot-radiating rectangular patch array antenna is designed.The antenna is fed by SIW slot coupling,that is,energy is coupled into the upper rectangular radiating patch through a longitudinal slot on the top metal surface of the SIW.To widen the beam width of the antenna,the technology of loading radiating elements is adopted,and single-column,dual-column and three-column rectangular patches are added above the SIW slot respectively.The single-column and dual-column radiating patch antennas are processed.The measured|S11|<-10dB bandwidths of the two antennas are 2.6GHz and2.0GHz,respectively,and the measured gains are 11.6dBi and 10.2dBi,respectively.The measured 3dB beam width of the xoz surface of the single-column patch antenna is about 139.2°,and the measured 3dB beam width of the xoz surface of the dual-column patch antenna is about152°.The antenna loaded with three-column patches is further studied.Through simulation optimization,the 3dB beamwidth of the simulated xoz surface of the antenna loaded with three-column patches is about 165.5°,and the impedance bandwidth of|S11|<-10dB is 2.1GHz.2.79GHz dual-coupling feed structure microstrip patch array antenna.Based on the microstrip linear array,a patch array antenna using double indirect coupled feeding structure is designed.The antenna consists of a two-layer structure,the bottom layer is a SIW slot antenna,and the upper layer is a microstrip line array and a parasitic patch.The first coupling is to add parasitic patches on both sides of the microstrip linear array,and feed energy to the patch antennas on both sides through coupling,which improves the bandwidth and half-power beam width of the microstrip linear array antenna.The second type of coupling is to use the SIW slot antenna for coupling and feeding,and place the microstrip line array above the slot to radiate energy.Through simulation and optimization,the characteristics of wide beamwidth of the designed antenna are verified.The 3dB beam width of the final antenna azimuth plane（H plane）is increased from 74.4°of the traditional microstrip linear array antenna to 101.7°of the linear array coupled patch antenna.The azimuth plane of the simulated 79GHz dual-coupling feed structure patch array antenna（H plane）3dB beam width reaches 128.7°.3.Design of 79GHz beamforming antenna.Using beamforming technology,a 3×14 slot array antenna with fan beam is designed.Firstly,the phase and amplitude of the three feed ports are calculated by calling the particle swarm algorithm in MATLAB.Then the antenna is simulated and optimized by the corresponding power divider,which is designed by SIW technology.As a result,the 3dB beam width of the antenna azimuth plane is 125.8°,the 3dB beam width on the elevation plane is 12.6°,and the gain is 12.87dBi. |
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