| With the rapid development of urban economies,the logistics industry has been able to grow rapidly.However,this trend has also brought with it problems such as environmental pollution and traffic congestion.Under the influence of low carbon policies,logistics companies need to find a balance between economic activity,the environment,operating costs and customer satisfaction in order to remain competitive.Electric vehicles have the advantages of low energy consumption and low pollution,so the Chinese government has introduced several welfare policies and increased infrastructure development to promote the use of electric vehicles in logistics and distribution.Compared to fuel vehicles,the use of electric vehicles to develop green logistics can,to a certain extent,reduce environmental pollution and energy shortages,but the technical shortcomings of electric vehicles themselves and the shortage of supporting infrastructure problems can easily lead to low distribution efficiency.Therefore,this paper comprehensively considers factors such as urban congestion,vehicle carbon emissions and vehicle attachment working conditions,and investigates the optimization problem of distribution path of electric vehicles considering carbon emissions and the optimization problem of distribution path of heterogeneous vehicles considering carbon emissions respectively.The main contents include:Firstly,based on the driving and emission characteristics of electric and fuel vehicles,the electric energy consumption model of electric vehicles is improved based on the actual energy consumption process of vehicles,and the fuel consumption model of fuel vehicles and the measurement model of carbon emissions are introduced;the vehicle path problem is sorted out and the similarities and differences in modelling electric and fuel vehicles are analysed.In addition,the adaptive large neighbourhood search algorithm used in this paper is briefly introduced.Secondly,considering the impact of urban traffic congestion and factors such as the driving speed and real-time load of electric vehicles on energy consumption,the carbon emissions of vehicles are costed through carbon tax,and the sum of fixed cost,electricity cost,carbon dioxide emission cost and penalty cost for violating the time window is minimised as the optimisation objective,and an electric vehicle distribution path optimisation model considering carbon emissions is established.An adaptive large neighbourhood search algorithm is designed to solve the model and obtain the optimal distribution scheme.The effects of congestion radius,accessory working conditions and minimum safe power on EV distribution path planning are explored.Finally,considering the current situation of logistics enterprises using a mixture of electric and fuel vehicles for distribution,a heterogeneous vehicle distribution path optimisation model considering carbon emissions is developed with the sum of fixed cost,fuel cost,electricity cost,carbon emission cost and penalty cost for violating the time window as the optimisation objective.An adaptive strategy of dynamically adjusting the number of customers following the quality of the solution for the damage and repair operator is adopted,and an adaptive large neighbourhood search algorithm with local search enhancement is designed to solve the model,resulting in a reasonable and reliable distribution path solution.The effects of parameters such as congestion radius,congestion speed and number of customers on heterogeneous vehicle distribution path planning are explored.This paper focuses on the green logistics challenges faced by the logistics industry.The model and algorithm proposed in this paper can provide a reference for logistics enterprises to choose a reasonable urban distribution scheme for management decisions. |
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