Research On Low Power Heterogeneous Clustering Routing Protocol For Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)consists of multiple sensor nodes deployed in some places with rare people and harsh environment in an ad-hoc manner to complete all-round perception of the measured object by collecting real-time data.The viability of the network is directly dependent and limited by the power of batteries supplying the nodes,which is severely limited the widespread application of wireless sensor networks.Therefore,how to balance the communication energy consumption generated by wireless sensor network and improve the energy utilization rate has become an important research direction.In this paper,we mainly discuss the problem of unbalanced power consumption in WSN.The main contents of this thesis are as follows:(1)In order to solve the problems of few constraint conditions and irrational distribution of Cluster-head nodes in the election process of Stable Election Protocol(SEP),a stable election protocol(ED-SEP)based on energy and node information is proposed in this paper.In this protocol,the relative residual energy,the number of neighbor nodes,and the relative distance from the terminal node to the cluster head are added into the cluster-head election formula,which increases the probability of high residual energy nodes in areas with dense network becoming cluster-heads,and avoids low energy nodes in areas with sparse network being elected as cluster-heads.The performance of the improved protocol under the condition of changing the location of the base station and increasing the initial energy is tested respectively.The research shows that the improved protocol proposed in this paper effectively solves the problem of unreasonable distribution of cluster head nodes of SEP protocol and improves network performance.(2)In this paper,the optimal path stable election protocol(OPT-SEP)is proposed to solve the problem that the SEP routing protocol is easy to cause the rapid energy dissipation of the cluster head node when it communicates directly with the terminal node in the single-hop mode.This protocol takes the relative residual energy and the relative distance between two nodes as the path weight value,and provides two optimal transmission paths for the terminal node based on the Dijkstra algorithm.The combination of single-hop and multi-hop mode not only avoids the large energy consumption of the nodes at the edge of the network due to long-distance communication,but also avoids the waste of network resources caused by the nodes close to the terminal node forwarding through the intermediate node.Research shows that the improved protocol effectively reduces the energy consumption of the network during each round of operation,and improves the network energy structure,and is conducive to extending the stability period.Finally,this paper implements the cluster head optimization algorithm and the optimal path selection algorithm and verifies the feasibility of the improved protocol by building a routing protocol hardware test system.