| Archives are historical vouchers and original records formed by human beings in social production activities.After long-term historical accumulation,historical data with reliability and authenticity.Archives generally take words,images and sounds as material carriers,and collect important archives of the same disaster types and appear in the form of documents and publications.According to the content nature can be divided into documents,personnel files,litigation files such as a total of more than 20 kinds of natural disasters files as the official documents of Tibet ars,using the combination of government document project and chronological arrangement type,including Tibet Dga Ldan pho Brang local government period to the founding of new China(1642-1959)document between higher and lower institutions nearly 287 pieces.It records in detail the natural disasters occurred in the large administrative areas of Tibet from 1790 s to the late 1950 s,which has certain reference value for the political,economic and cultural studies during the Dga Ldan pho Brang local Government period in Tibet(1642-1959).The paper is mainly based on the historical materials after the establishment of the Dga Ldan pho Brang local Government in Tibet in 1642.In particular,after the establishment of the General Administration of Kasha in 1751,the documents between the central government of the Qing Dynasty and the local administrative officials,The five natural disasters occurred in Tibet from the eighth Dalai Lama Qiang Bai Jiatso(1758-1804)and the seventh Panchen Lama(1781-1852)to the middle of the 20 th century,namely,snow,flood,hail,insect and frost,Among them,snow disaster and drought mostly occurred in Nagqu and Ali,Other disasters are frequently found in Xigaze,Shannan,and Lhasa.There are mainly eight types of files,such as submission,detailed book,instruction,order draft,reply,approval draft,inspection report,road ticket,contract and so on.Throughout the file text,the content mainly involves three parts,first is the disaster,including people and animals,post,land,houses,bridges and other disaster analysis and solid records.The second is the relief,to the victims as the main body,in the situation of the demands,including relief,tax relief food,silver,etc.,the third is rebuilt,including sending workers,materials,food transportation all items of post-disaster reconstruction.Formed the documents between the higher and lower institutions and officials,that is,the upward issuance of official documents.This archive of natural disasters has considerable authority in the study of natural disasters in Tibet,and is of great significance to understand the historical facts of various changes of natural disasters in the history of Tibet,deeply analyze the regularity of the occurrence of climate and natural disasters,agricultural and animal husbandry production,rational development and utilization of natural resources.This paper is divided into six major parts,including the introduction and the conclusion,details are as follows.The introduction of this paper is divided into three sections,the first mainly introduces the source of the research problem,the overall utilization and importance of disaster archives,the second is the review at home and abroad,including foreign research status and chinese domestic research status,with archival writings and related research papers,a brief analysis of disaster archives research arguments and characteristics.The third is a brief discussion of the research purpose and research methods.The first chapter introduces the original file,discusses the main distribution area of flood,snow and induced factors,through the CIS mapping analysis statistics of flood and snow characteristics of time and space distribution,divided in the history of Tibet flood and snow frequency and frequency disaster area,focusing on the natural properties of the archives.Select two typical files(transcripts).The preliminary discussion of the three types of language,namely the upper,flat and descending documents,and the archival work system of the local government of Dga Ldan,Tibet is summarized,and the working system diagram of the local government of Dga Ldan,Tibet is attached.The second chapter is the interpretation of the flood archives in Tibet,using the basic method of text interpretation to interpret the original archives and classify them according to the text content.The whole chapter around the three original flood files,divided into three sections.The establishment and operation of the local administrative system in Tibet are summarized according to the contents of the file text,the report,the expression of the demands for relief and the arrangement of relief matters.The third chapter focus on 55 pieces of snow disaster archives of seven reply,through the extension of three sections to discuss approval text content,respectively is the disaster reported approval,relief supplies arrangement,approval of repair matters arrangement,the three sections is the approval content about classification,which classification refinement for answer sexual approval,paid relief,free relief approval,lending approval type,classification based mainly is the instructions of superior institutions and concrete relief measures.The fourth chapter is the end of the article,according to the function of the sixteen character archives of "administrative records,legal certification,historical data certificate,research data",and summarize the characteristics and values of disaster archives combined with the characteristics of official documents.In the conclusion part,the author summarized the main points of the paper,and pointed out the shortcomings of the paper,the suggestions for future research and expected goals. |
