Research On Energy Consumption Optimization-Based Cluster Routing In Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

Underwater acoustic sensor networks(UASNs)are emerging as a key technology for developing underwater communication using marine resources,and are becoming a research focus in the field of wireless sensor networks(WSNs).UASNs are WSNs deployed in the underwater environment and consist of a number of underwater acoustic sensor nodes and surface base station(Sink)and other devices.Unlike WSNs deployed on land,UASNs use acoustic signals for communication and suffer from high propagation delay,low available bandwidth,and high network energy consumption.The operation and work of UASNs are usually powered by their own power supply or their own electrical energy reserve,and it is difficult to renew or replenish the power supply because their working environment is underwater.Therefore,the optimization of energy consumption of UASNs has become the focus of research in this field.The energy consumption of UASNs mainly comes from the data transmission,so optimizing the data transmission path can effectively reduce the network energy consumption.Research and practice show that clustering can effectively extend the network life cycle.The clustering divides the sensor nodes in UASNs into cluster head nodes and non-cluster-head nodes,where the non-cluster-head nodes are responsible for collecting information and sending data to the corresponding cluster head nodes,and the cluster head nodes are responsible for aggregating the data within the clusters and sending them to Sink.the clustering shortens the transmission distance of noncluster-head nodes,reduces the data transmission volume by using the cluster head to fuse the data within the clusters,and effectively improves the energy efficiency of the network.Although the current clustering-based routing method prolongs the network lifetime to a certain extent,some nodes may fail due to excessive energy consumption caused by excessive data transmission tasks,resulting in "hotspot" problems,high energy consumption and uneven energy consumption still exist.Therefore,it is important to design an optimized clustering-based routing method to extend the life cycle of UASNs and improve their energy utilization.To further improve the energy efficiency of UASNs,this paper proposes an unequal clustering method based on particle swarm optimization(UCPSO).The UCPSO method is based on clustering and constructs an adaptation value function based on network energy consumption and node in the process of continuous iteration,the optimal cluster head is selected according to the adaptation value.The energy consumption of the whole path from the cluster head to the Sink node and the required number of hops are considered to determine the optimal transmission path from each cluster head to the Sink.Meanwhile,in order to balance the energy consumption of clusters,the idea of non-uniform cluster splitting is introduced to dynamically adjust the cluster size according to the remaining energy of cluster heads,the distance from cluster heads to Sink nodes and the number of times cluster heads forward data between clusters,which effectively alleviates the "hotspot" problem of UASNs by balancing the energy consumption of nodes and further reduces the energy consumption of UASNs.Simulation experiments using MATLAB and comparative analysis with LEACH,EULC and IPSO have verified that the UCPSO method is more advantageous in reducing network energy consumption and extending network life cycle.