An Energy-Efficient Cross-Layer Clustering Algorithm Based On Gini Index Theroy

Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)are a network composed of a large number of tiny sensor nodes and are widely used in many fields.However,due to the limited energy reserves of network nodes,the uneven energy consumption during node operation,data collisions,idle listening,and crosstalk will all accelerate node energy consumption and reduce network life.Therefore,this article is based on the network system and optimizes the clustering routing protocol and MAC protocol through cross-layer systems to improve network energy efficiency and performance:Firstly,in response to the problem of uneven energy consumption between clusters,this paper proposes a cluster head election strategy based on the Gini Index principle from an economic perspective.Different from traditional cluster head election strategies,this strategy combines economic principles and uses the characteristics of the Gini Index that can measure the degree of income inequality among residents.On the one hand,it uses the principle of the Gini Index to systematically analyze the energy consumption between clusters,providing a solid theoretical basis for new clustering strategies;on the other hand,it proposes the concept of energy Gini Index and uses it to control the energy consumption between nodes in order to balance the energy consumption between clusters and ultimately achieve the goal of extending network life.Secondly,the data collision,idle interception,crosstalk and data delay caused by node communication in the cluster are discussed.A new intra-cluster MAC protocol based on TDMA mechanism is proposed in this paper.In this protocol,nodes that need to transmit data are first queued by the queue mechanism and apply for the transmission time slot from the cluster head.Then the cluster head divides the time period used to receive data into equal time slots based on TDMA technology and allocates the time slots to each member node that needs to transmit data.This dynamic and flexible transmission slot allocation can effectively reduce the transmission delay of data in the cluster,reduce the number of conflicts and retransmission,thus reducing energy consumption and improving the energy efficiency and performance of the network.Finally,by combining the new cluster-head election strategy with MAC protocol,a new energy saving algorithm for cross-layer clustering-ECCG is proposed.This algorithm not only balances the global energy consumption,but also considers the local energy optimization of nodes,and finally improves the energy efficiency of the network across layers.The experimental results show that ECCG can effectively balance the energy consumption,reduce the data delay,and extend the life cycle of the network.