Research On Land Use Pattern Optimization In Qilian Mountains Of Qinghai Province Based On The Perspective Of Snow Leopard Habitat Network

Land brings important natural resources and provides basic material security for human survival and development,and is the carrier of complex ecosystems,giving rise to diverse living environments and an important basis for the formation of species habitats.With the expansion and deepening of human activities,the transformation of social and economic structures represented by rapid urbanization has brought prosperity and development to cities,while successively triggering problems such as changes in the nature of land and rough land management,which have increased the number of suitable habitats being eaten and destroyed,and intensified fragmentation,causing great pressure on ecological and environmental resources.Although China has established national parks and protected areas to form a "nature-based" conservation system,it is still necessary to study the role of areas outside the legal habitat on species migration and dispersal to promote the sustainable development of ecosystems.Relevant research and practice have confirmed that the construction of habitat networks is conducive to the establishment of ecological links between species in different habitats,providing a spatial platform for the exchange of resource elements between habitats and reducing the risk of extinction of fragmented species,and based on this,timely optimization of land use patterns at different times in response to increased landscape fragmentation and reduced connectivity between landscapes can help alleviate complex pattern relationships and achieve sustainable land resource use.It is also beneficial to the management and improvement of ecological environment and maintenance of biodiversity.Based on the mathematical model,it is an effective way to optimize the land use pattern in terms of quantity and space by adjusting the land use structure and layout,simulating the future development trend,and associating with specific optimization objectives.The prediction of land use quantity is mostly realized by extrapolating time series,which lacks the consideration of specific ecological process.Spatial layout simulation is usually completed by algorithmic rules,and the research results are seldom reflected by associating specific species.How to integrate different ecological scenarios with land use optimization process and get scientific and reasonable optimization results is the key to improve the efficiency of ecological environmental resources utilization in the plateau arid area.Therefore,it is of great significance and practical value to construct a habitat network suitable for areas with scarce land resources and fragile ecological environment to optimize land use pattern and improve regional ecosystem health.In this paper,the Qilian Mountains in Qinghai Province with unique ecological location was selected as the research region.Based on the land use data in 2000,2010 and 2018,the land use transfer matrix was constructed to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the land use in the Qilian Mountains in Qinghai Province,and the landscape pattern index was calculated to analyze the landscape spatial layout.The problems of land use structure and landscape composition in Qilian Mountains of Qinghai Province were clarified by coupling the two methods.Then,problem-oriented,the endangered plateau and mountain animal snow leopard was selected as the focus species.Through the habitat patch constraint model and the minimum cumulative resistance model,the important ecological sources and corridors were identified and ecological resistance surfaces were constructed to complete the construction of the snow leopard habitat network.Finally,the ecological suitability of land was analyzed by niche suitability model,which was associated with the snow leopard habitat network,identified the key areas to be optimized,and proposed the ecological restoration and land use pattern optimization strategies in Qilian Mountains of Qinghai province.The main research conclusions are as follows:1.The overall change of land use structure in Qilian Mountains of Qinghai is relatively gentle,but the areas of desert and bare rock greatly decrease and increase,which is directly related to the special geographical location and geological conditions of the study area.Grassland,bare rock and shrub are the main land use landscape types in Qilian Mountains of Qinghai Province.From 2000 to 2018,the land use types in the Qilian Mountains increased except for desert and shrub,and the bare rock area increased the most.The total amount of landscape patches was on the rise,the shape of patches tended to be complex and irregular,the degree of landscape fragmentation was alleviated,the distribution of patches in ecological land was scattered,the landscape types had a trend of diversification,and the connectivity between different landscapes was slightly decreased.2.Snow leopard was selected as the focus species,and its trace point concentration was analyzed in combination with land use type map.10 primary and secondary ecological sources were identified by consensus using habitat patch constraint model and minimum cumulative resistance model,and 136 primary and secondary ecological corridors were identified by constructing ecological resistance surfaces based on 6 selected resistance factors.Complete the construction of snow leopard habitat network,which has certain ecological functions and landscape connectivity.3.Six evaluation factors were selected to classify the suitability of snow leopard habitat into three levels.Coupled with the completed habitat network analysis,two key protected areas and four primary optimization zones were identified based on the suitability level,land use situation and spatial location of the habitat network components,and ecological protection suggestions and land use optimization schemes were proposed according to local conditions.