Research On The Impact Of R&D Expense Super Deduction Policy On The Upgrading Of Enterprise Human Capital Structure

The report of the 20 th CPC National Congress stressed that education,science and technology and talents are the basic and strategic support for building a socialist modern country in an all-round way.As an inclusive policy,the R&D expense super deduction policy has continuously expanded the scope of preferential treatment and increased the amount of deduction since its implementation,encouraging enterprises to increase R&D investment and improve innovation enthusiasm.Human capital is the most active element in innovation activities.The article innovatively studies the policy effect of R&D expense super deduction from the perspective of the human capital structure of micro enterprises,in order to provide relevant suggestions for solving the existing problems of enterprises such as the lack of high-end talents and bottlenecks in innovation activities.Based on certain theoretical basis,policy combing,and current situation analysis,it is proposed that the policy of R&D expense super deduction can promote the upgrading of the human capital structure of enterprises by encouraging enterprises to increase human capital investment and physical capital investment.The article takes China’s A-share listed companies from 2013 to 2021 as the research object,and takes the reform of the R&D expense super deduction policy in 2015 as a quasi-natural experiment,and empirically studies the impact of the R&D expense super deduction policy on the upgrading of enterprise human capital structure by constructing a difference-in-differences model.The study reached the following conclusions: Firstly,the R&D expense super deduction policy can significantly promote the proportion of highly educated employees and the upgrading of the human capital structure of enterprises,but the effect of promoting the proportion of technicians is not obvious.Secondly,for small,non-state-owned,asset-intensive and manufacturing enterprises,the policy has a greater incentive to upgrade the human capital structure of enterprises.Thirdly,after the upgrading of human capital structure,the policy can effectively promote the improvement of enterprise innovation output and operating efficiency.As a result,the article puts forward the following suggestions: the state should pay attention to the incentive role of policies in upgrading the human capital structure,and should be more targeted and differentiated when formulating and implementing the R&D expense super deduction policy,and attach importance to the cultivation of vocational and technical talents.Enterprises should make full use of innovation preferential policies,attach importance to human capital investment,and actively cooperate and exchange with higher education institutions.