| With the increasingly development of man industry and society economy activities, man keeping crushing rock and breaking soil becomes enhancive. It is well known that solid solid and gas ore deposit can't do without drilling such as from exploration to exploitation, from the most loose soil layer to the hardest rock layer. People spend abundant fund and materials exploiting underground resources on drilling, therefore if we little increase drilling rock efficiency and reduce material resumption, then it will bring about observable economic benefits. This is my paper's goal.A bit is the main tool in crushing rocks, so it straight influences drilling rate, quality and cost that if its structure is reasonable and if it can adapt rock properties. We speed much time and energy on bit's structure, design and crushing mechanics in order to reach the aim of quick drilling speed, high drilling efficiency, long life, but the result is not satisfactory. So we decide to break through the bit's structure from the angle of bionics.Bionics is a new important interdisciplinary subject between bioscience and technology science. Bionics technology is considered as power and headspring of original science and technology innovation, which is a important measure of developing high and new technology. After evolving hundreds of millions years, many soil animals optimize capabilities which can adapt soil circumstance, such as Pangolins, Gryilotalpa, Formicidae and Cafharsius molossus, who can freely move inthe moist and adhesive soil or dung soil without adhering to anything else, all or which concern their nonsmooth surface, moreover this surface structure is favor of anti-drag, desorption, wearing;duck-billed dinosaur is a prehistoric gigantic reptiles. Their teeth can regenerate, which can renew when one layer is abraded. We design bit by body characteristics of soil animals to solve the problems such as life and drilling efficiency of impregnated diamond bit. Impregnated diamond bit with bionics studied in the paper has more efficient, longer life, lower energy consumption and more economical than ordinary impregnated diamond bit.Miniature bit experiment device set up to test the bit performance has simple design, competent function and reasonable layout. We carefully design feed and rotary system, testing system. Miniature experiment device can automatically collect data, and its pressure switch is artfully mounted. It has four rotary speed from 270~ 3100r/min, and its maximal press is up to 126kgf, So it adapts to experiment study of different drilling regulations parameters. And it supplies convenience for other scientific researchers who study this task.Nonsmooth is a geometry continuous surface which is formed by some geometry body of the same shape and size which is distributed regularly or random on the same smooth base-level. This geometry body is named the configuration cell of the geometry nonsmooth. This definition is put forward by professor RenLuquan who is in the Ground-Mechanical bionics technology laboratory-ministry of education major laboratory of Jilin University. After they researched many soil animals, they develop all kinds of bionics nonsmooth technology and products such as bionics plough, bionics nonsmooth mouldboard, which They effectively resolved the conglutination problem of the agriculture and engineering machines. And they have extended the nonsmooth theory to many studied like decreasing resistance, wearing and desorption in solid, liquid, gas etc.Biologic nonsmooth's shape are scale shape, convex closure shape, recess shape, waviness, setaceous shape, etc. The paper only studies recess shape nonsmooth , butthe result is significant.Every impregnated diamond bit has its applied range and different hardness, intensity, abrasiveness and drillability layers have different need to thickness and granularity and bit matrix hardness, so, we first optimize diamond concentration and granularity-abrasion ratio. We have gained the optimized match by experiment: its concentration is 75%, granularity is 70/80 mesh.Originally we only applied the recess shape nonsmooth theory to design the structure of impregnated diamond bit, and grasped its manufacturing technology such as autogeny and changed and fixed nonsmooth technology by test of impregnated diamond bionics test-block, which is firmly based on experiment of impregnated diamond bionics miniature bits and impregnated diamond bits.Through a large amount of mini-drilling test on impregnated diamond bits and bits, we have reached the following conclusion:1. In equal pressure mini-drilling test, bionics bits' hour efficiency increased above one time than common bits under the same drilling rules parameter, and its lowered 30%. Then we did equal specific pressure test and testified that bionics bits' drilling-speed increased 33% than common bits;unit-energy-cost lowered 30%.2. We tested the ?59 bionics bits, and came to a conclusion:(l). Nonsmooth shape can display its structure merits such as decreasing resistance, abrasiveness during its shape contacted surface system, and the result is very evident. Under the same recipe, the same work flow, the same processing sintering and the same drilling well rules, nonsmooth bionics bits increased above one time than the common bits, which exceeded other mediums' efficiency. (2)> When we compared the bionics bits with the common bits, the former's hour efficiency is higher. (3)> When we contrast two recess-material: A, B, B is better than A. Under the same external condition, B recess methods' drilling hour efficiency is above 45% than A's.3. Collecting rock dust of bionics bits and common bits, we have taken micrography for them and analysed them: Rock dust of bionics bits is generallybigger than common bits'. One of reasons is that bionics bit's exhauster rock dust effect and cooling effect is better than common bits'. So, bionics bits' drilling speed is higher than common bits for it's better mini-volume crush.4. We calculated 59 bionics bit's cost which includes raw materials and processed materials cost, graphite jig cost, calcined of bit cost and processing cost and conclude: A, B types bits not only is cheaper 11% than the common bits and cheaper 27% in raw materials cost, but also their materials are easy to reach.The paper first applied nonsmooth surface characteristic to design the impregnated diamond bits and autogeny idea that the nonsmooth surface of bits' labial surface uninterrupted grow and gain steady and higher drilling speed and longer life to drilling area. While it is for the first time that autogeny is classified to two sorts which are changed autogeny and fixed autogeny. In a word, the three innovation supply design method to impregnated diamond bits, and provide new and created thought for scientific researcher who engage bits' design.
|
PDF Full Text Request