| Previous studies demonstrated that ATPo is not only aneurotransmitter and neuromodulator but a neurotrophicfactor, which can induce synthesis and/or release ofpolypeptide growth factors and enhance their effects ontarget cells, implicating the complexity of the effects of ATPoin the nervous system. ATPo appears in differentconcentrations in various physiopathological situations,suggesting the possibility of dose-dependent difference in itseffects. Using cell culture, routine histological staining,immunocytochemitry, fluorescent nuclear dye Hoechst 33258staining, as well as a transmission election microscopy, westudied the influence of different concentrations of ATPo onneuronal survival and astrogliosis. The effects of culturemediums of astrocytes exposed to different concentrations ofATPo on the neurons were also studied.The conclusions are as follows:1. Different concentrations of ATP have distinct effects on the viability of cerebrocortical neurons in vitro. A high concentration of ATP induces the apoptosis of cerebrocortical neurons. A low concentration of ATP protects not only cerebrocortical neurons from apoptosis by oxygen free radicals, but cerebellar granule neurons from apoptosis by LK~+.
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