Research On The Forming Machanism And Stability Of Industrial Symbiosis Network

At the end of the last century rose industrial ecology (IE), and at the beginning of this century China's scholars introduced IE to our country. Almost at the same time, the Chinese government began to promote cycling economy construction on the large-scale. Whether on the perspective of theory or practice, the study of industrial symbiosis network (ISN) which is the middle level of cycling economy has been put on the agenda. In fact, as early as the 1980s, Kalundborg industrial symbiosis in Denmark had spontaneously formed, and then the United States, Europe and other developed countries started the projects of eco-industrial park (EIP). However, such changes as technological innovation, the new external pressure, combination and take-over had a greater negative influence on the operation of the EIP projects. In this way, the problem of stability is always the distress to the behavior parties. In order to strengthen the management of Chinese EIPs and avoid failures, there is an urgent need to make scientific analysis of the forming mechanism and the stability of ISN which is the organizational model of inter-enterprise cooperation in the EIPs, and to provide effective measures to maintain stable operation of ISN.This paper traced the life cycle of ISN, followed the logic of dynamic stability, and then built a general analysis framework of the stability research on ISN. In the principle of integration of empirical and normal research, integration of qualitative theory interpretation and quantitative model analysis, and integration of static and dynamic analysis, through comprehensively use of such multidisciplinary research tools as economics, management science and IE, according to the'formation– stability– governance'research path, this paper completely studied the forming mechanism, stability mechanism, network governance and other relevant content of ISN.On the base of IE and network organization theory, in order to introduce the research perspective of ISN from IE to economics and management science, this paper not only admitted the ISN as an industrial ecosystem, but also pointed out that ISN is a special kind of network organization. From the viewpoint of micro-structure, this paper then analyzed the link characteristics, manifestations, organizational model and operational model of ISN, which provided the theoretical basis of the research on the forming mechanism and stability.The forming mechanism of ISN is the first question to answer in this paper. Through forming an ISN, enterprises not only can reduce production costs and transaction costs, achieve clustering effect, but also can ease the resource constraints and environmental pressures. On the pursuit of a'win-win'goal between economic and environmental benefits, enterprises have the motivation and desire to set up more closely transactions, so that it is possible for enterprises to gather in space and establish ISN. This paper constructed an emergy analysis model based on economic and environmental goals, and modelized the forming process of ISN. The analysis showed that ISN can significantly improve economic performance and environmental performance and finally realize sustainable development of enterprises. Two paths of down-to-up and up-to-down were then proposed.Stability of ISN is the second question to answer in this paper. It involved in static stability and dynamic stability. Static stability is concerned about the initial state of the network organizational structure, mainly inspects the relationship between the organizational structure and stability. Dynamic stability concerns how to design a set of governance mechanism to maintain stability when ISN facing risks in the course of operating. This paper proposed the'organizational structure decision theory'to complete the analysis of the static stability, and then applied the network governance theory to complete the analysis of the dynamic stability. In the analysis of the static stability, this paper firstly built a'structure– conduct– stability'analysis framework, then started from the structural factors that affected the stability, and cut in from the organizational model and operational model of ISN, finally studied the virtue relationship between the organizational structure and stability.Through multiple cases of interpretative case studies, this paper selected Kalundborg industrial symbiosis in Denmark and Lubei national EIP in Shandong China as examples, then made an interaction analysis between the cases on the three dimensions of building process, organizational model and operational model, and further verified the two theoretical propositions of'the reason of ISN formation is that enterprises persue both economic and environmental benefits'and'network organizational structure affects network stability'. The achived expansive conclusions have become the basis for ISN governance.Network governance is the destination of stability research. This paper took operational risks as the object, stable operation as the goal, stability mechanism as the keypoint, and then built an ISN governance theory framework of'governance environment– governance objective– governance mechanism– governance target'to realize dynamic stability analysis. The conclusion showed that trust and punishment mechanism, government's support mechanism and the overall network innovation mechanism are of great significance to the stability of ISN. At last, advices on upgrading stability of ISN in China were proposed.